Risk factors associated with the incidence rate of clinical mastitis in smallholder dairy cows in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania

Kivaria, Fredrick; Noordhuizen, J.P.T.M.; Msami, H.M.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.01.009

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The study indicated that staphylococci was isolated most were from camels ' milk. This is in agreement with the findings by Kivaria et al (2007), Getahun et al (2008), Olde et al (2008) and Alzohairy (2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Incidences and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus species isolated from animals in different Qatari farms

Al‐Thani¹,

Al-Ali²

2012

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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This study was conducted during a six months period (March to August 2008) at the Veterinary laboratory, Department of Animal Resources, Doha, Qatar to determine the incidence of different bacterial genera farm animals in particular the occurrence of Staphylococcus species. The samples were from the rectum, milk, feces, nasal, swab of vagina, cloacal -uterin, intestine, liver and pus. Samples were collected from various animals of different regions. A total 318 of 429 samples gave positive results for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and 90 cultures were identified as Staphylococcus. The highest isolates were from camels' milk and none were obtained from specimens of cats and horses. A total of 33 selected Staphylococcus isolates were identified to species level and the most common isolated was coagulase-positive S. aureus (14), followed by coagulase-negative, S. lentus (10), S. xylosus (5), S. sciuri (2), S. lugdunensis (1) and S. caprae (1). The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of these were determined using cephalothin, gentamycin, neomycin, ampicillin, norfloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline and a combination of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole. All identified species were sensitive to cephalothin except one strain of S. aureus. Most of the isolates showed multiple antimicrobial resistance profiles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Incidences and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus species isolated from animals in different Qatari farms

Al‐Thani¹,

Al-Ali²

2012

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…A considerably high incidence rate compared to the present study was reported in other African countries. In Tanzania, in smallholders, Karimuribo et al (2006) and Kivaria et al (2006), reported 31.7 and 43.3 cow level clinical mastitis cases per 100 cow-years at risk, respectively. A lower incidence rate was reported in other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have been conducted in the past to estimate the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (IRCM) in Europe (Barkema et al, 1998;Peeler et al, 2000;Barnouin et al, 2005), North America (Sargeant et al, 1998) and Africa (Kivaria et al, 2006;Karimuribo et al, 2006). In Ethiopia, except some prevalence works on subclinical mastitis, very limited studies were conducted on the incidence of mastitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence rate of clinical bovine mastitis in selected smallholder dairy farms in Gondar town, Ethiopia

Almaw¹,

Molla²,

Melaku³

2012

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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A study was conducted in Gondar town in six selected smallholder farms from August 2005 to January 2006 for six months to measure incidence rate of clinical bovine mastitis. Monitoring was performed by animal attendants of each farm after training and supervision of the monitoring activities and collection of data was performed by the researchers. Farmers identified cases of clinical mastitis on the basis of abnormalities in milk, in the udder or systemic abnormalities of the cow. A second or third case of clinical mastitis in the same lactation was considered a new case if at least 14 days had passed between the previous and the current case of clinical mastitis. The average incidence rate of clinical bovine mastitis at cow level was found to be 21.26 per 100 cow-years at risk (0.21 per cow-year at risk). Among the six farms, the highest incidence rate observed was 63.49 per 100 cow-years time and no case was recorded in two farms.

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“…The size and consistency of mammary quarters were inspected for the presence of any unusual findings, such as disproportional symmetry, swelling, firmness and blindness. Viscosity and appearance of milk secretion from each mammary quarter were examined for the presence of clots, pus, flakes, blood, and watery secretions (Kivaria et al, 2004). Thus, cows with clinical mastitis and blind teats were not included for further examination.…”

Section: Clinical Examination Of the Udder And Teatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identifications and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of coagulase positive <i>Staphylococcus</i> from subclinical mastitic dairy cattle in and around Haramaya University

Tafa¹,

Terefe²,

Tamerat³

et al. 2015

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to April 2014 to isolate coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS) from subclinical mastitic (SCM) lactating cows, to establishing prevalence, to identify risk factors and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of CPS isolates in and around Haramaya University, Eastern Ethiopia. A semi-structured questionnaire survey, California mastitis test (CMT) , bacterial isolation and identification and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted during the study. A total of 210 dairy cattle from seven farms were screened for SCM by CMT. The prevalence of SCM in the study areas was 71.4% (150/210) . Milk samples were collected from 562 quarters of 150 cows free of clinical mastitis but positive in CMT. Among these cows 38 of them had blind quarters (6. 76%). The prevalence of CPS was found to be 66.0% (99/150) and 28.46% (160/562) on animal and quarter basis, respectively. Among the risk factors studied, SCM due to CPS was significantly higher (P > 0.05) in older cows (100%) than younger (70.0%), in cows during late lactation (96.3%), in cows which gave more than 5 births (100%), in cross-breed cows (71.2%) than local breed cows (54.3%), in cows with udder I teat injuries (96.3%) and in cows managed under poor house hygiene (82.5%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 9 antibiotics carried out using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and revealed high multidrug resistance of 71 (87.6 %). High level of resistance to common drugs like ampicillin (90.1 %), penicillin (67.9%), and tetracycline (54.3%) was registered. In contrast, the CPS isolates were susceptibility for chloramphenicol, gentamycin and kanamycin at 63%, 46.9%, and 41.97%, respectively. In conclusion, the study confirms the importance of CPS as a mastitis causing multidrug resistant bacterium. Therefore, improved management and early treatment of SCM cases with drug of choice is imperative to tackle CPS mastitis.

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Risk factors associated with the incidence rate of clinical mastitis in smallholder dairy cows in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Incidences and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus species isolated from animals in different Qatari farms

Incidences and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus species isolated from animals in different Qatari farms

Incidence rate of clinical bovine mastitis in selected smallholder dairy farms in Gondar town, Ethiopia

Isolation, identifications and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of coagulase positive <i>Staphylococcus</i> from subclinical mastitic dairy cattle in and around Haramaya University

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