Riparian forest as a management tool for moderating future thermal conditions of lowland temperate streams

Kristensen, Peter B.; Kristensen, Esben Astrup; Riis, Tenna; Alnoee, Anette Baisner; Larsen, Søren E.; Verdonschot, P.F.M.; Baattrup‐Pedersen, Annette

doi:10.5268/iw-5.1.751

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Forest catchments have a characteristic thermal regime (Webb, Crisp 2006). Based on research conducted in Denmark, Kristensen et al (2015) determined that even the shortest sections of near-bank forest reduced water temperature by 1 °C in comparison to the temperature of open space. Based on measurements of water temperature performed in three streams in Luxembourg, Dohet et al (2015) determined that river bank forests evidently alleviated winter minimums, summer maximums, and thermal variability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term temperature fluctuations in rivers of the Fore-Sudetic region in Poland

Ptak

2018

Geografie

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The paper presents an analysis of water temperature fluctuations in four rivers: Nysa Łużycka, Bóbr, Bystrzyca, and Nysa Kłodzka, in south-west Poland (Fore-Sudetic region) in the period 1971–2014. The obtained results show an evident increase in water temperature ranging from 0.15 °C·dec/1 to 0.33 °C·dec/1. Such changes were particularly determined by changes in air temperature. Water temperature increased in two analyzed stations: Zielona Góra and Wrocław by 0.37 and 0.35 °C·dec/1, respectively. While the variability of the rate of warming of particular rivers in the analyzed region should be associated with local factors occurring in the catchments, the contribution of forest cover is of key importance. A change in water temperature constituting its primary parameter will cause further transformation of the discussed river ecosystems. Combined with poor water quality, rising water temperatures can become a factor inhibiting further economic development of the Fore-Sudetic region in Poland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term temperature fluctuations in rivers of the Fore-Sudetic region in Poland

Ptak

2018

Geografie

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“…A study of shaded and unshaded sites along a latitudinal gradient in Europe recorded 2.5°C lower average temperatures associated with shaded sites of 500 m length along the river bank, and a maximum cooling effect of 12.5°C during hot weather . The same study notes that ecological benefits need longer shaded sections of 1 km and speculates that this should be a mosaic of shaded and unshaded sections. A better understanding of the optimal size of woodland blocks and the distance between them along the stream length would help managers target planting.…”

Section: Planning and Implementation Of Adaptation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For example, an Australian study suggests that the effects of patchy shade on temperature appear to last up to 1 km downstream (2nd order streams, width 1–2 m, depth 5–15 cm, velocity 5–10 cm s −1 ) . A study of shaded and unshaded sites along a latitudinal gradient in Europe recorded 2.5°C lower average temperatures associated with shaded sites of 500 m length along the river bank, and a maximum cooling effect of 12.5°C during hot weather . The same study notes that ecological benefits need longer shaded sections of 1 km and speculates that this should be a mosaic of shaded and unshaded sections.…”

Section: Planning and Implementation Of Adaptation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recent field studies indicate that beneficial cooling can be achieved with 100–500 m long buffer strips with 20% canopy cover . For example, an Australian study suggests that the effects of patchy shade on temperature appear to last up to 1 km downstream (2nd order streams, width 1–2 m, depth 5–15 cm, velocity 5–10 cm s −1 ) .…”

Section: Planning and Implementation Of Adaptation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What else do managers need to know about warming rivers? A United Kingdom perspective

et al. 2015

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River flow and water temperature are fundamental controls of freshwater ecosystems. Hence, future warming could impact valued habitats and species, particularly those with cold water preferences (such as salmonids). Warming could also exacerbate existing environmental pressures or diminish the effectiveness of management interventions. Climate model projections provide compelling evidence of the need for adaptation despite uncertainty about the timing, nature, and distribution of impacts on water quality, vulnerable species, and habitats. Low‐regret adaptation options to manage temperature impacts include increasing riparian shade, enhancing thermal refugia, and removing thermal barriers or hotspots. Indirect controls include managing river flows through abstraction and discharge regulation, moderating flow control structures, and manipulating channel hydromorphology. However, fundamental gaps in understanding may limit the effectiveness of some of these measures, leading to undesired side effects, wasted resources, ineffectual outcomes, or limited uptake. These knowledge gaps include where to target measures, how to implement in different situations, how to maximize co‐benefits and integrate with other policy objectives, and how to support implementation across rural and agricultural landscapes. Despite many uncertainties, restoration of riparian shade and river flows has the potential to deliver multiple benefits even if this does not include retarding rates of warming. WIREs Water 2015, 2:55–64. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1062 This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change

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“…Thus, reducing pollutant loads may have to be done jointly with rehabilitating stream habitats to enhance resilience for the impending problems posed by climate change (Palmer et al 2009). For example, planting deciduous riparian trees along temperate streams as an adaptation to climate change can reduce temperatures by 2-3°C (Kristensen et al 2013), and increase basal resources and macroinvertebrate biomass (Thomas et al 2016). Importantly, the results of our study suggests that environmental contingency also needs to be accounted for when rehabilitating degraded stream reaches, because catchment properties may affect the ecological responses of the restoration, irrespective of the remediation effort (Kowalik and Ormerod 2006;Sundermann et al 2011).…”

Section: Recommendations For Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental context and magnitude of disturbance influence trait‐mediated community responses to wastewater in streams

Burdon

Reyes

Alder

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Human land uses and population growth represent major global threats to biodiversity and ecosystem services. Understanding how biological communities respond to multiple drivers of human‐induced environmental change is fundamental for conserving ecosystems and remediating degraded habitats. Here, we used a replicated ‘real‐world experiment’ to study the responses of invertebrate communities to wastewater perturbations across a land‐use intensity gradient in 12 Swiss streams. We used different taxonomy and trait‐based community descriptors to establish the most sensitive indicators detecting impacts and to help elucidate potential causal mechanisms of change. First, we predicted that streams in catchments adversely impacted by human land‐uses would be less impaired by wastewater inputs because their invertebrate communities should be dominated by pollution‐tolerant taxa (‘environmental context’). Second, we predicted that the negative effects of wastewater on stream invertebrate communities should be larger in streams that receive proportionally more wastewater (‘magnitude of disturbance’). In support of the ‘environmental context’ hypothesis, we found that change in the Saprobic Index (a trait‐based indicator of tolerance to organic pollution) was associated with upstream community composition; communities in catchments with intensive agricultural land uses (e.g., arable cropping and pasture) were generally more resistant to eutrophication associated with wastewater inputs. We also found support for the ‘magnitude of disturbance’ hypothesis. The SPEAR Index (a trait‐based indicator of sensitivity to pesticides) was more sensitive to the relative input of effluent, suggesting that toxic influences of wastewater scale with dilution. Whilst freshwater pollution continues to be a major environmental problem, our findings highlight that the same anthropogenic pressure (i.e., inputs of wastewater) may induce different ecological responses depending on the environmental context and community metrics used. Thus, remediation strategies aiming to improve stream ecological status (e.g., rehabilitating degraded reaches) need to consider upstream anthropogenic influences and the most appropriate indicators of restoration success.

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Riparian forest as a management tool for moderating future thermal conditions of lowland temperate streams

Cited by 20 publications

References 58 publications

Long-term temperature fluctuations in rivers of the Fore-Sudetic region in Poland

Long-term temperature fluctuations in rivers of the Fore-Sudetic region in Poland

What else do managers need to know about warming rivers? A United Kingdom perspective

Environmental context and magnitude of disturbance influence trait‐mediated community responses to wastewater in streams

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