What else do managers need to know about warming rivers? A United Kingdom perspective

Orr, Harriet G.; Johnson, Matthew F.; Wilby, Robert L.; Hatton-Ellis, Tristan; Broadmeadow, Samantha

doi:10.1002/wat2.1062

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…; Orr et al. ). Restoration efforts to cool rivers might include minimization of flow diversions (Elmore et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Options exist to ameliorate thermal stresses on salmon and trout populations, but appropriate remedies are context dependent and will require strategic prioritization (Beechie et al 2013;Orr et al 2015). Restoration efforts to cool rivers might include minimization of flow diversions (Elmore et al 2015), increasing shade provided by riparian vegetation (Cristea and Burges 2010;Johnson SALMON AND TROUT RIVER WARMING and Wilby 2015), reconnecting rivers to floodplains to enhance habitat diversity (Beechie et al 2013), and increasing channel roughness to encourage more water exchange between the channel and cooler hyporheic flows (Arrigoni et al 2008;Nichols and Ketcheson 2013).…”

Section: Adaptive Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, despite frequent predictions about accelerating or decelerating climate change (Easterling and Wehner 2009), Earth's warming rate has been remarkably constant since the 1970s (Rahmstorf et al 2017), so extrapolation of historical trends may provide some basis for forecasting, at least through midcentury, when most climate model projections are broadly similar (IPCC 2013). Despite the importance of trend estimates and emerging evidence that rivers and streams show global warming patterns (Morrison et al 2002;Webb and Nobilis 2007;Kaushal et al 2010;Isaak et al 2012;Chen et al 2016), robust descriptions of regional trends based on numerous long-term monitoring records are rare (but see Orr et al 2014 andArora et al 2016) due to the inadequacies of historical monitoring networks and protocols (Orr et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Global Warming of Salmon and Trout Rivers in the Northwestern U.S.: Road to Ruin or Path Through Purgatory?

et al. 2018

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Large rivers constitute small portions of drainage networks but provide important migratory habitats and fisheries for salmon and trout when and where temperatures are sufficiently cold. Management and conservation of coldwater fishes in the current era of rapid climate change require knowing how riverine thermal environments are evolving and the potential for detrimental biological impacts. Robust estimates of warming rates, however, are lacking due to limited long‐term temperature monitoring, so we compiled the best available multidecadal records and estimated trends at 391 sites in the 56,500‐km river network of the northwestern USA. Warming trends were prevalent during summer and early fall months in recent 20‐ and 40‐year periods (0.18–0.35°C per decade during 1996–2015 and 0.14–0.27°C per decade during 1976–2015), paralleled air temperature trends, and were mediated by discharge trends at regional and local levels. To illustrate the biological consequences of warming later in this century, trend estimates were used to inform selection of river temperature scenarios and assess changes in thermal exposure of adult Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka migrating to four population areas as well as thermal habitat shifts for resident Brown Trout Salmo trutta and Rainbow Trout O. mykiss populations throughout the region. Future warming of 1–3°C would increase Sockeye Salmon exposure by 5–16% (3–143 degree‐days) and reduce thermally suitable riverine trout habitats by 8–31% while causing their upstream shift. Effects of those changes on population persistence and fisheries are likely to be context dependent, and strategic habitat restoration or adaptation strategies could ameliorate some biological impairments, but effectiveness will be tempered by the size of rivers, high costs, and pervasiveness of thermal effects. Most salmon and trout rivers will continue to provide suitable habitats for the foreseeable future, but it also appears inevitable that some river reaches will gradually become too warm to provide traditional habitats.

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“…; Orr et al. ). Restoration efforts to cool rivers might include minimization of flow diversions (Elmore et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Adaptive Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Warming of Salmon and Trout Rivers in the Northwestern U.S.: Road to Ruin or Path Through Purgatory?

et al. 2018

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“…Changes in Danube Tw could exert profound effects on aquatic ecology in these areas. Reduced ability of aquatic species to either cope with changing temperatures or to migrate to new habitats may leave rivers species poor, eutrophic, or toxic (Orr et al, ). According to our results Tw is rising in the Danube River.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and multi‐annual variability of water temperatures in the river Danube, Serbia

Basarin

Lukić

Pavić

et al. 2016

Hydrological Processes

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This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/hyp.10863 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. TRENDS AND MULTI-ANNUAL VARIABILITY OF WATER TEMPERATURES IN ABSTRACTThe relationship between air (Ta) and water temperature (Tw) is very important because it shows how the temperature of a water body might respond to future changes in surface Ta.Mean monthly Tw records of three gauging stations (Bezdan, Bogojevo i Veliko Gradište) were analyzed alongside mean monthly discharge (Q) for the same stations.Additionally, Ta series from two meteorological stations (Sombor and Veliko Gradište) were correlated with Tw variations over the period . Locally weighted scatter point smoothing (LOWESS) was used to investigate long-term trends in the raw data, alogside the Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test. Trend significance was established using Yue-Pilon's prewhitening approaches to determine trends in climate data. Also, the rescaled adjusted partial sums (RAPS) method was used to detect dates of possible changes in the time series.Statistically significant warming trends were observed for annual and seasonal minimum and maximum Tw at all investigated sites. The strongest warming was observed at Bogojevo gauging station for seasonal maximum Tw, with +0.05°C per year on average. RAPS established that the trend began in the 1980s. This behaviour is linked to climate patterns in the North and East Atlantic which determine the amount of heat advected onto mainland Europe. Statistically significant correlations were found for all Tw on an annual basis.Overall, the strongest correlations (p<0.01) between Tw residuals and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) were recorded for the winter period. These findings suggest possible predictability of Tw over seasonal time-scales.Keywords: Danube; water temperature; air temperature; trends; variability; Serbia.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTIONTemperature is an important feature of flowing waters because it affects other physical properties and influences the chemical and biochemical reactions of lotic systems (Walling and Webb, 1992;Webb et al., 2008). The life-cycles of lotic biota are regulated by river temperature variations (Gore, 1992; Everall et al., 2015). Water temperature (Tw) also indirectly influences bulk density which causes thermal stratification in standing water bodies. In this way, temperature influences chemical and biochemical processes in the individual stratified layers (epilimnion and hypolimnion) (Pekarova et al., 2011). Changes in the thermal regime of river systems may result in the disruption of established patterns of synchrony between the aquatic communities (Woodward et al., 2010;Marković et al., 2013).Incomin...

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“…Whereas large areas of tree cover are required to alter Tw, individual trees, and patches can still be of biological importance by providing fauna local protection from direct solar radiation or highly localized cool refugia [ Everall et al ., ]. More research is needed to assess the specific thermal variables that are of significance to aquatic animals and how these conditions might change in the future under climate change with or without more tree cover [ Orr et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing the landscape for the trees: Metrics to guide riparian shade management in river catchments

Johnson

Wilby

2015

Water Resources Research

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Rising water temperature (Tw) due to anthropogenic climate change may have serious consequences for river ecosystems. Conservation and/or expansion of riparian shade could counter warming and buy time for ecosystems to adapt. However, sensitivity of river reaches to direct solar radiation is highly heterogeneous in space and time, so benefits of shading are also expected to be site specific. We use a network of high-resolution temperature measurements from two upland rivers in the UK, in conjunction with topographic shade modeling, to assess the relative significance of landscape and riparian shade to the thermal behavior of river reaches. Trees occupy 7% of the study catchments (comparable with the UK national average) yet shade covers 52% of the area and is concentrated along river corridors. Riparian shade is most beneficial for managing Tw at distances 5-20 km downstream from the source of the rivers where discharge is modest, flow is dominated by near-surface hydrological pathways, there is a wide floodplain with little landscape shade, and where cumulative solar exposure times are sufficient to affect Tw. For the rivers studied, we find that approximately 0.5 km of complete shade is necessary to off-set Tw by 18C during July (the month with peak Tw) at a headwater site; whereas 1.1 km of shade is required 25 km downstream. Further research is needed to assess the integrated effect of future changes in air temperature, sunshine duration, direct solar radiation, and downward diffuse radiation on Tw to help tree planting schemes achieve intended outcomes.

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What else do managers need to know about warming rivers? A United Kingdom perspective

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Global Warming of Salmon and Trout Rivers in the Northwestern U.S.: Road to Ruin or Path Through Purgatory?

Global Warming of Salmon and Trout Rivers in the Northwestern U.S.: Road to Ruin or Path Through Purgatory?

Trends and multi‐annual variability of water temperatures in the river Danube, Serbia

Seeing the landscape for the trees: Metrics to guide riparian shade management in river catchments

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