Ring vaccination for monkeypox containment: Strategic implementation and challenges

Choudhary, Om Prakash; Choudhary, Priyanka; Fahrni, Mathumalar Loganathan; Saied, AbdulRahman A.; Chopra, Hitesh

doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106873

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…vaccination of direct contacts of confirmed infected people [24,26]. In light of this, the previous experience of COVID- pandemic, which we can benefit from to reduce the risk of facing a new health crisis [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox Post COVID19: Knowledge, Worrying, and Vaccine Adoption of the Arabic General Population

Swed

Bohsas

Alibrahim

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The outbreak of monkeypox was designated a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization on July 23, 2022. There have been more reported 60000 cases worldwide, most of which are in places where monkeypox has never been seen due to the travel of people who have the virus. This research aims to evaluate the Arabic general population on monkeypox disease, fears, and vaccine adoption after the WHO proclaimed a monkeypox epidemic and to compare these attitudes to those of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in some Arabic countries (Syria, Egypt, Qatar, Yemen, Jordan, Sudan, Algeria, and Iraq) between August 18 and September 7, 2022 to examine the Arabic people perspectives on monkeypox disease, fears, and vaccine adoption and to compare these attitudes to those of the COVID-19 pandemic. The inclusion criteria were the general public residing in Arabic nations and older than 18. This questionnaire has 32 questions separated into three sections: sociodemographic variables, prior COVID-19 exposure, and COVID-19 vaccination history. The second portion assesses knowledge and anxieties about monkeypox, while the third section includes the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD7) scale. Logistic regression analysis were performed to compute the adjusted odds ratios (aOR), and their confidence intervals (95%CI) using STATA (version 17.0) Results: A total of 3665 respondents from 17 Arabic countries were involved in this study. Almost two third (n= 2427, 66.2%) of participants expressed more worried about COVID -19 than monkeypox diseases. Regarding the major cause for concern about monkeypox, 39.5% of participants attributed their anxiety they or a member of their family may contract the illness, while 38.4% were concerned about another worldwide pandemic of monkeypox. According to the GAD 7 score, 71.7% of respondents showed very low anxiety toward monkeypox. 43.8% of the participants scored poor levels of knowledge about monkeypox disease. Participants with previous COVID-19 infection showed greater acceptance to receive the monkeypox vaccine 1.206 times than those with no previous infection. A higher concern for the monkeypox than COVID-19 was shown by the participants who perceived monkeypox as dangerous and virulent 3.097 times than those who didn’t. Participants who have a chronic disease (aOR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.09-1.60); participants worried about monkeypox (aOR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.04-1.40); and perceived monkeypox as a dangerous and virulent disease (aOR: 2.25; 95%CI: 1.92-2.65); and excellent knowledge level (aOR: 2.28; 95%CI: 1.79-2.90) have emerged as significant predictors. Conclusion: Our study reported that three fourth of the participants were more concerned about COVID-19 than monkeypox disease. As well, most of the participants have inadequate levels of knowledge regarding monkeypox disease. Hence immediate action should be taken to address this problem. Consequently, it is crucial to learn about monkeypox and spread information about its prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox Post COVID19: Knowledge, Worrying, and Vaccine Adoption of the Arabic General Population

Swed

Bohsas

Alibrahim

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Therefore, it may be challenging to trace these individuals and their sexual relationships, which may put the ring vaccination method at risk. 58 Concurrently, these communities require public education initiatives, medical facilities equipped to handle cases of sexually transmitted diseases, and emotional and social welfare programs. Secondly, logistical, manufacturing, and financial barriers may prevent impacted countries from implementing ring vaccination immediately.…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Advances in Monkeypox Vaccine Research and Development – An Update

Chandran¹,

Nandanagopal²,

Gopan³

et al. 2022

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic disease that is endemic to the western and central regions of Africa and it is caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is classified as a member of the Poxviridae family, specifically the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, and the Orthopoxvirus genus. The current multiregional outbreak of MPX, which started in May of 2022, has since swiftly spread across the globe and thus has been declared a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO). Protective immunity against MPXV can be achieved by administering a smallpox vaccination, as the two viruses share antigenic properties. Although smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980, the vaccine campaign was halted the following year, leaving the population with significantly less immunity than it had before. The potential for human-to-human transmission of MPXV has grown as a result. Due to the lack of a particular treatment for MPX infection, anti-viral medications initially designed for the smallpox virus are being employed. However, the prognosis for MPX may vary depending on factors like immunization history, pre-existing illnesses, and comorbidities, even though the majority of persons who develop MPX have a mild, self-limiting illness. Vaccines and antiviral drugs are being researched as potential responses to the latest 2022 MPX epidemic. The first-generation smallpox vaccinations maintained in national stockpiles of several countries are not recommended due to not meeting the current safety and manufacturing criteria, as stated by the WHO. Newer, safer (second- and third-generation) smallpox vaccines, such as JYNNEOSTM, which has been licensed for the prevention of MPX, are indicated as potentially useful in the interim guideline. Studies on vaccines and antiviral drugs are still being investigated as possible remedies to the recent MPX outbreak. This mini-review article serves as a retrospective look at the evolution of smallpox vaccines from their inception in the 1700s to the current trends up to the end of year 2022, specifically for developing monkeypox vaccines.

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“…Fifth, if possible, family members, sexual partners, healthcare workers, and other close contacts of human MPX cases should be vaccinated imminently (ring vaccination) to block the transmission in affected regions ( 41 ). If possible, all people unvaccinated against smallpox can be vaccinated voluntarily, which could enhance the vaccination coverage of MSM without stigmatization.…”

Section: Strategies To Eliminate the 2022 Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology-based analysis of the risks and elimination strategies of the monkeypox outbreak in 2022

Chen

Gong

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Human monkeypox, caused by monkeypox virus, has spread unprecedentedly to more than 100 countries since May 2022. Here we summarized the epidemiology of monkeypox through a literature review and elucidated the risks and elimination strategies of this outbreak mainly based on the summarized epidemiology. We demonstrated that monkeypox virus became more contagious and less virulent in 2022, which could result from the fact that the virus entered a special transmission network favoring close contacts (i.e., sexual behaviors of men who have sex with men outside Africa) and the possibility that the virus accumulated a few adaptive mutations. We gave the reasons to investigate whether cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs are susceptible to monkeypox virus and whether infection with monkeypox virus could be latent in some primates. We listed six potential scenarios for the future of the outbreak (e.g., the outbreak could lead to endemicity outside Africa with increased transmissibility or virulence). We also listed multiple factors aiding or impeding the elimination of the outbreak. We showed that the control measures strengthened worldwide after the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) could eliminate the outbreak in 2022. We clarified eight strategies, i.e., publicity and education, case isolation, vaccine stockpiling, risk-based vaccination or ring vaccination, importation quarantine, international collaboration, and laboratory management, for the elimination of the outbreak.

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Ring vaccination for monkeypox containment: Strategic implementation and challenges

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Monkeypox Post COVID19: Knowledge, Worrying, and Vaccine Adoption of the Arabic General Population

Monkeypox Post COVID19: Knowledge, Worrying, and Vaccine Adoption of the Arabic General Population

Major Advances in Monkeypox Vaccine Research and Development – An Update

Epidemiology-based analysis of the risks and elimination strategies of the monkeypox outbreak in 2022

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