Rice husk as nanoadditive in diesel–biodiesel fuel blends used in diesel engine

Vinukumar, K.; Azhagurajan, A.; Vettivel, S.C.; Vedaraman, N.

doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6692-7

“…Therefore, various waste plantbased catalysts in biodiesel synthesis are mainly getting more focus for rigorous research and development. Recently, such reported renewable catalysts in biodiesel synthesis from plant-based sources are tucumã peels [12], coconut husk [99], sugarcane bagasse [100][101][102][103], banana peel [104,105], plantain fruit peel [106], Musa acuminata peel [107], Musa balbisiana peel [108], Musa balbisiana trunk [11], Musa balbisiana underground stem [109,110], Musa paradisiaca peel [111], rice husk [112], Lemna perpusilla [113], cocoa pod husk [114], wheat husk [115], corncob [116], cotton stalk [117,118], etc. In these mentioned works, the agricultural-waste-plant-based catalysts presented promising potential in the transformation of oil to biodiesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Waste-Based Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Production of Biodiesel: A Ranking Study via the VIKOR Method

Nath

¹

,

Basumatary

²

,

Wary

³

et al. 2023

International Journal of Energy Research

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Agricultural waste-based heterogeneous catalysts are emerging as efficient and green catalysts. The present study explored the agricultural waste-based heterogeneous catalyst utilized in the production of biodiesel. The plant waste is composed of organic compounds and various metals which, on combustion, produces ashes that mainly consist of various metal carbonates and oxides. The most commonly employed approach for the solid catalyst preparation from plant materials is the calcination process, and it is performed at temperatures ranging from 300 to 1200°C. It is known that the temperature employed for calcination plays a vital role in the composition and development of the morphology of the catalyst. The variation in alkalinity, porosity, and, accordingly, the catalytic activity of the catalyst is significantly influenced by the calcination temperature. It was found that the potassium present in the form of oxide and carbonate as the main constituent in such catalysts played a significant role in delivering catalytic efficacy. Therefore, a number of agricultural waste-based catalysts were reported as efficient catalysts. The selection of the catalyst may be one of the important issues for application in large-scale biodiesel production. Thus, the present study was undertaken for the preparation of a rank list among the reported catalysts by following the VIKOR (Višekriterijumsko Kompromisno Rangiranje) multicriterion decision-making approach. In this work, the ranking study was performed considering the reported optimum reaction conditions (ORCs) of biodiesel synthesis reactions. The study was conducted strictly on the basis of the parameters, viz., catalyst concentration ( C 1 ), MTOR ( C 2 ), reaction temperature ( C 3 ), reaction time ( C 4 ), and biodiesel yield ( C 5 ). The parameters are considered good if C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , and C 4 are low or minimum and if C 5 is high or maximum. The catalyst prepared from plantain peel showed the best performance and ranked as the first one followed by Musa paradisiaca peel and cocoa pod husk catalysts which are ranked second. Thus, the VIKOR method can be useful for comparison and ranking purposes if there are a large number of data, and this may be expanded for thorough study by considering more criteria which may give more fruitful results.

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“…In addition to triglycerides, alcohols are also used as a raw material for this process. Among several kinds of alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and so forth, methanol is preferred due to its short chain, better polarity, lower cost, and physical and chemical benefits 8 . Also, methanol can quickly and easily dissolve catalysts and react with triglycerides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic mesoporous KOH/Fe₃O₄@MCM‐41 nanocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: Optimization of process variables and kinetics study

Khakestarian

¹

,

Taghizadeh

²

,

Fallah

³

2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

1

0

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In this study, biodiesel production via transesterification of waste cooking oil as feedstocks and methanol was studied over KOH/Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41 catalyst. The X-ray diffraction, BET, FT-IR, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy techniques were applied to describe the structural characterization of the catalyst. The effects of the catalyst amount, reaction time, and alcohol to oil molar ratio were investigated using central composite design method and ANOVA analysis. Among the evaluated conditions, 3.32 h reaction time, 8.51% loaded catalyst, and 42.36 alcohols to oil molar ratio can provide an optimal biodiesel production of 93.95%. Moreover, the catalyst revealed high-reusability over three cycles. Based on the reaction kinetics study, several parameters such as rate constants at three temperatures, activation energy and frequency factors were investigated.

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“…15 Then, the non-metallic nano additives are obtained from rice shell, cashew shell, coconut shell. 16,17 These non-metallic nano additives tend to take part in the combustion and improve the combustion process and have proved to reduce the emissions. Though not many kinds of research are carried out using non-metallic nano additives, the current study aims to utilise them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the outcomes of a single-cylinder CRDI engine operated by lemon peel oil under the influence of DTBP, rice husk nano additive and water injection

Panithasan

¹

,

Venkadesan²

2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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In the search for an alternative energy source with lesser pollution for transportation needs, bio-oil, a denser and viscous fuel that needs a transesterification process, have been widely considered for diesel engines. However, these problems are solved by using low viscous biofuel, but this improvement also significantly leads to increased NOx emission. Hence this present study investigates the usage of a low viscous biofuel in the CRDI engine with measures to reduce NOx emission through water injection technique. The low viscous bio-oil was used in this study along with an ignition enhancer (di-tert-butyl-peroxide), non-metallic nano additive (rice husk). They were tested in a constant speed, single-cylinder, diesel engine for various loads. Considering the brake thermal efficiency (BTE), 2% and 150 ppm were selected as the optimum value after testing five ratios (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3%) of di tert butyl peroxide (DTBP) and four ratios (50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm) of rice husk (RH). The lemon peel oil (LPO) with the optimum additive ratio produced 30.69% BTE, which was 4.7% lesser than diesel fuel. A considerable decrease in fuel consumption and emissions except for nitrogen oxides (NOx) is recorded. NOx emission increased by 17.3% for the biofuel blend containing RH and DTBP. To control NOx emission, 2% of water was injected into the intake manifold with the fresh intake air. Two percent by vol. was finalised after experimenting four ratios (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) of water addition. This 2% water reduces 11% of NOx emission and affects the other outputs, denoted with the 8.9% reduced BTE value compared with diesel fuel. Thus, the LPOC combination proved to operate well in the CRDI engine and produces lower NOx emissions than other LPO blends.

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Rice husk as nanoadditive in diesel–biodiesel fuel blends used in diesel engine

Cited by 47 publications

References 41 publications

Agricultural Waste-Based Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Production of Biodiesel: A Ranking Study via the VIKOR Method

Agricultural Waste-Based Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Production of Biodiesel: A Ranking Study via the VIKOR Method

Magnetic mesoporous KOH/Fe₃O₄@MCM‐41 nanocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: Optimization of process variables and kinetics study

Evaluating the outcomes of a single-cylinder CRDI engine operated by lemon peel oil under the influence of DTBP, rice husk nano additive and water injection

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Rice husk as nanoadditive in diesel–biodiesel fuel blends used in diesel engine

Cited by 47 publications

References 41 publications

Agricultural Waste-Based Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Production of Biodiesel: A Ranking Study via the VIKOR Method

Agricultural Waste-Based Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Production of Biodiesel: A Ranking Study via the VIKOR Method

Magnetic mesoporous KOH/Fe3O4@MCM‐41 nanocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: Optimization of process variables and kinetics study

Evaluating the outcomes of a single-cylinder CRDI engine operated by lemon peel oil under the influence of DTBP, rice husk nano additive and water injection

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Magnetic mesoporous KOH/Fe₃O₄@MCM‐41 nanocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: Optimization of process variables and kinetics study