Evaluating the outcomes of a single-cylinder CRDI engine operated by lemon peel oil under the influence of DTBP, rice husk nano additive and water injection

Abstract

In the search for an alternative energy source with lesser pollution for transportation needs, bio-oil, a denser and viscous fuel that needs a transesterification process, have been widely considered for diesel engines. However, these problems are solved by using low viscous biofuel, but this improvement also significantly leads to increased NOx emission. Hence this present study investigates the usage of a low viscous biofuel in the CRDI engine with measures to reduce NOx emission through water injection technique. The low viscous bio-oil was used in this study along with an ignition enhancer (di-tert-butyl-peroxide), non-metallic nano additive (rice husk). They were tested in a constant speed, single-cylinder, diesel engine for various loads. Considering the brake thermal efficiency (BTE), 2% and 150 ppm were selected as the optimum value after testing five ratios (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3%) of di tert butyl peroxide (DTBP) and four ratios (50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm) of rice husk (RH). The lemon peel oil (LPO) with the optimum additive ratio produced 30.69% BTE, which was 4.7% lesser than diesel fuel. A considerable decrease in fuel consumption and emissions except for nitrogen oxides (NOx) is recorded. NOx emission increased by 17.3% for the biofuel blend containing RH and DTBP. To control NOx emission, 2% of water was injected into the intake manifold with the fresh intake air. Two percent by vol. was finalised after experimenting four ratios (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) of water addition. This 2% water reduces 11% of NOx emission and affects the other outputs, denoted with the 8.9% reduced BTE value compared with diesel fuel. Thus, the LPOC combination proved to operate well in the CRDI engine and produces lower NOx emissions than other LPO blends.

Analysis of metal concentration, performance and noise emissions of the CI engine

“…The BTE is the ratio of the thermal power available in the fuel to the power that the engine delivers to the crankshaft (Panithasan & Venkadesan, 2023). The brake thermal efficiency was observed at the B30 proportion of the biodiesel blend at variable loads, shown in Figure 7.…”

Turpentine as an Additive for Diesel Engines: Experimental Study on Pollutant Emissions and Engine Performance

“…This was similar to what some authors have found and might be attributed to a better atomisation of the fuel, better vaporisation and a reduction in the viscosity of the mixture. In addition, the presence of oxygen in the fuel helped it to burn more efficiently, increasing the BTE of the engine [34,35]. Some other authors have found the efficiency to decrease, attributing this to the negative effect of the lower cetane number of turpentine [36].…”

Modeling of combustion and emissions behavior on the effect of ethanol–gasoline blends in a four stroke SI engine

“…Reduced BTE value of 8.9% indicates that 2% water influences other outputs and reduces NOx emission by 11%. 43…”

“…Reduced BTE value of 8.9% indicates that 2% water influences other outputs and reduces NOx emission by 11%. 43 There are several papers studied the effect of ethanol addition in gasoline engines. This paper covers the gab by investigation of ethanol blending with ethanol in mathematical model describing the combustion, performance and emissions of petrol engine.…”