Revisiting the therapeutic potential of tocotrienol

Abstract

The therapeutic potential of the tocotrienol group stems from its nutraceutical properties as a dietary supplement. It is largely considered to be safe when consumed at low doses for attenuating pathophysiology as shown by animal models, in vitro assays, and ongoing human trials. Medical researchers and the allied sciences have experimented with tocotrienols for many decades, but its therapeutic potential was limited to adjuvant or concurrent treatment regimens. Recent studies have focused on targeted drug delivery by enhancing the bioavailability through carriers, self‐sustained emulsions, nanoparticles, and ethosomes. Epigenetic modulation and computer remodeling are other means that will help increase chemosensitivity. This review will focus on the systemic intracellular anti‐cancer, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms that are stimulated and/or regulated by tocotrienols while highlighting its potent therapeutic properties in a diverse group of clinical diseases.

A comprehensive review of the preventive action of Natural Nutraceutical Ingredients in reducing Chemotherapy – Induced Side effects

“…Tocotrienols are Vitamin E analogs that are used to treat cancer by making cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy drugs [28]. Ranasinghe, et. al.…”

“…al. (2022) Tocotrienol can be combined with standard chemotherapeutics or alone can achieve a viable strategy in cancer therapy by regulating cell cycle checkpoints [55].…”

Exploring the anti-inflammatory activities, mechanism of action and prospective drug delivery systems of tocotrienol to target neurodegenerative diseases

“…The intracellular metabolic breakdown of vitamin E isomers was found to be catalyzed by only the CYP4F2 enzyme (t 1/2 ). 4 Due to its unsaturated isoprenoid carbon tail, the T3 tail is shorter than Tph. This property of T3 is also found to have many superior bioactivities than Tph, which will be discussed in the following sections.…”

Palm Oil Derived Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Attenuates Vascular Dementia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

“…Moreover, 30% tocopherols and 70% tocotrienols make up palm oil’s vitamin E content while other commonly used dietary vegetable oils contain mainly tocopherols [ 25 , 26 ]. Tocotrienol’s therapeutic effects are extensively reviewed and are reported to have antioxidant, anti-diabetic, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, immunoregulatory, lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Moreover, recent studies showed TRF’s potential in managing diabetes and assisting in wound healing by promoting the platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in a timely manner, which is important for clean wound closure [ 31 , 32 ].…”