Palm Oil Derived Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Attenuates Vascular Dementia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Shaikh, Sohrab A.; Varatharajan, Rajavel; Muthuraman, Arunachalam

doi:10.3390/ijms232113531

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…Omega-3 fatty acids enhance the transsulfuration pathway, reducing homocysteine levels and bolstering antioxidant defenses. Additionally, Sohrab A. Shaikh’s review links elevated homocysteine levels with IR ( 49 ), where omega-3’s anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory functions can mitigate resistance. Carlos O Mendivil’s study also highlights the role of oily fish consumption in regulating homocysteine levels ( 50 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective role of oily fish intake against type 2 diabetes: insights from a genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study

Zhang,

Ren,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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Background and aimsPrevious research has underscored the association between oily fish intake and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), yet the causality remains elusive.MethodsA bidirectional univariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was employed to evaluate the causal effects of oily fish and non-oily fish intake on T2DM. Replication analysis and meta-analysis were conducted to ensure robust results. Multivariable MR analysis was utilized to assess confounders, and further mediation MR analysis discerned mediating effects. Linkage Disequilibrium Score (LDSC) analysis was undertaken to compute genetic correlations. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary method, complemented by a series of sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe LDSC analysis unveiled a significant genetic correlation between oily fish intake and T2DM (Genetic correlation: -0.102, p = 4.43 × 10−4). For each standard deviation (SD) increase in genetically predicted oily fish intake, the risk of T2DM was reduced by 38.6% (OR = 0.614, 95% CI 0.504 ~ 0.748, p = 1.24 × 10−6, False Discovery Rate (FDR) = 3.72 × 10−6). The meta-analysis across three data sources highlighted a persistent causal association (OR = 0.728, 95% CI 0.593 ~ 0.895, p = 0.003). No other causal effects were identified (all p > 0.5, FDR > 0.5). The main outcomes remained consistent in most sensitivity analyses. Both MVMR and mediation MR analyses emphasized the mediating roles of triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels.ConclusionTo encapsulate, there’s an inverse association between oily fish intake and T2DM risk, suggesting potential benefits of oily fish intake in T2DM prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective role of oily fish intake against type 2 diabetes: insights from a genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study

Zhang,

Ren,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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“…Another point of interest is PBC’s role in the regulation of MMP13 activity in DNP conditions. It has potentially pharmacological actions against various neurovascular disorders such as vascular dementia [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], Alzheimer’s disease, aging [ 29 ], and ischemic stroke [ 30 ]. Beta carotene acts as a vitamin A precursor, and it also possesses multiple cellular signaling actions such as those of free radical scavengers (anti-oxidant), it enhances the endogenous anti-oxidant activity level (raising the GSH synthesis), and it decreases the rate of the apoptosis (cell death) process, and it causes the inhibition of MMP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversal of Neuralgia Effect of Beta Carotene in Streptozotocin-Associated Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Female Zebrafish via Matrix Metalloprotease-13 Inhibition

et al. 2023

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Beta carotene is a natural anti-oxidant agent, and it inhibits the matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity. Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is produced by cellular oxidative stress. The role of the beta carotene effect in diabetic neuropathic pain is not explored yet. The present study is designed for the evaluation of the palm oil mill effluent-derived beta carotene (PBC) effect in DNP in zebrafish. The DNP was induced by the intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ). Blood glucose levels of above 15 mM were considered to be diabetic conditions. The zebrafish were exposed to test compound PBC (25, 50, and 100 µM), pregabalin (PG: 10 μM), and an MMP-13 inhibitor (CL-82198; 10 μM) for 10 consecutive days from day 11. The neuralgic behavioral parameters, i.e., temperature test, acetic acid test, and fin clip test were assessed on day 0 and the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. On the 22nd day, the blood glucose and MMP-13 levels and brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and MMP-13 activity levels were estimated. The treatment of PBC ameliorated the DNP-associated behavioral and biochemical changes. The results are similar to those of PG and CL-82198 treatments. Hence, the PBC possesses a potentially ameliorative effect against DNP due to its potential anti-oxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation, and MMP-13 inhibitory actions.

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“…In the study conducted in T2D rat models, it was concluded that treatment using TRF prevented memory loss and attenuated various biochemical parameters like plasma homocysteine (HCY), blood glucose, SOD levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione (GSH), immunohistochemistry for platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C). 60 Drug delivery systems Bioavailability α-TTP (α-tocopherol transfer protein), found in the hepatocytic cytosol, binds the vitamin E administered orally and emphasizes its effective transport between the membranes, identified in rats 61 and humans. 62 RRR-α-tocopherol is the most biologically active and naturally occurring stereoisomer of α-tocopherol.…”

Section: Vadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the anti-inflammatory activities, mechanism of action and prospective drug delivery systems of tocotrienol to target neurodegenerative diseases

et al. 2023

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A major cause of death in the elderly worldwide is attributed to neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD (Alzheimer’s disease), PD (Parkinson’s disease), ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), FRDA (Friedreich’s ataxia), VaD (Vascular dementia) etc. These can be caused due to multiple factors such as genetic, physiological problems like stroke or tumor, or even external causes like viruses, toxins, or chemicals. T3s (tocotrienols) exhibit various bioactive properties where it acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and cholesterol lowering agent. Since T3 interferes with and influences several anti-inflammatory mechanisms, it aids in combating inflammatory responses that lead to disease progression. T3s are found to have a profound neuroprotective ability, however, due to their poor oral bioavailability, their full potential could not be exploited. Hence there is a need to explore other drug delivery techniques, especially focusing on aspects of nanotechnology. In this review paper we explore the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of T3 to apply it in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and also discusses the possibilities of nano methods of administering tocotrienols to target neurodegenerative diseases.

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Palm Oil Derived Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Attenuates Vascular Dementia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 104 publications

The protective role of oily fish intake against type 2 diabetes: insights from a genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study

The protective role of oily fish intake against type 2 diabetes: insights from a genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study

Reversal of Neuralgia Effect of Beta Carotene in Streptozotocin-Associated Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Female Zebrafish via Matrix Metalloprotease-13 Inhibition

Exploring the anti-inflammatory activities, mechanism of action and prospective drug delivery systems of tocotrienol to target neurodegenerative diseases

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