Reviewing Vietnam's Nationally Determined Contribution: A New Perspective Using the Marginal Cost of Abatement

Carbonari, Daniel Escobar; Grosjean, Godefroy; Läderach, Peter; Nghia, Tran Dai; Sander, Bjoern Ole; McKinley, Justin D.; Sebastian, L. S.; Tapasco, Jeimar

doi:10.3389/fsufs.2019.00014

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our study shows that agroforestry is more cost efficient in sequestering carbon than sole crop plantation (see also [12]). Consequently, the cost required to remove GHG emissions is lower when using agroforestry than sole crop plantation.…”

Section: Advantages Of Using Agroforestry Rather Than Sole Crop Plantation For Ndcssupporting

confidence: 54%

Enhancing Vietnam’s Nationally Determined Contribution with Mitigation Targets for Agroforestry: A Technical and Economic Estimate

Mulia¹,

Nguyen

Nguyen³

et al. 2020

Land

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The Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of several non-Annex I countries mention agroforestry but mostly without associated mitigation target. The absence of reliable data, including on existing agroforestry practices and their carbon storage, partially constrains the target setting. In this paper, we estimate the mitigation potential of agroforestry carbon sequestration in Vietnam using a nationwide agroforestry database and carbon data from the literature. Sequestered carbon was estimated for existing agroforestry systems and for areas into which these systems can be expanded. Existing agroforestry systems in Vietnam cover over 0.83 million hectares storing a 1346 ± 92 million ton CO2 equivalent including above-, belowground, and soil carbon. These systems could be expanded to an area of 0.93–2.4 million hectares. Of this expansion area, about 10% is considered highly suitable for production, with a carbon sequestration potential of 2.3–44 million ton CO2 equivalent over the period 2021–2030. If neglecting agroforestry’s potential for modifying micro-climates, climate change can reduce the highly suitable area of agroforestry and associated carbon by 34–48% in 2050. Agroforestry can greatly contribute to Vietnam’s 2021–2030 NDC, for example, to offset the greenhouse gas emissions of the agriculture sector.

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Section: Advantages Of Using Agroforestry Rather Than Sole Crop Plantation For Ndcssupporting

confidence: 54%

Enhancing Vietnam’s Nationally Determined Contribution with Mitigation Targets for Agroforestry: A Technical and Economic Estimate

Mulia¹,

Nguyen

Nguyen³

et al. 2020

Land

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“…There is therefore a need to highlight the potential co-benefits of mitigation measures in achieving broader objectives supporting the development and modernization of the agricultural sector in Viet Nam. In recent years, climate-smart agriculture has been promoted as an approach that can help the sector meet its mitigation commitments while simultaneously achieving improvements in productivity and strengthening climate change resilience, with an increasing body of evidence on its potential effectiveness across these three priority areas (Nguyen et al, 2017;Escobar Carbonari et al, 2019).…”

Section: Enforcement and Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Implementing Climate Policies in Agriculture: A Case Study From Viet Nam

Giles

Grosjean

Coq

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

Self Cite

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Agriculture is both highly sensitive to climate change and a major global emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG). With growing international pressure to curb global emissions through the 2015 Paris Agreement and mounting climate change-related losses in agriculture, countries are in need of an increasingly robust agricultural policy framework. This paper takes an in-depth look at the agricultural sector in Viet Nam, contributing to a better understanding of the main bottlenecks in implementing the Paris Agreement, evaluating the relevance and impact of selected barriers for the implementation of current climate policies and their implications for nationally determined contribution (NDC) design. To address these questions, an exploratory mixed method approach was employed: (i) identifying and mapping key policies, (ii) reviewing global literature sources on barriers, (iii) conducting stakeholder interviews (n = 25), and (iv) follow-up quantitative surveys (n = 16). The interviews revealed numerous barriers within Viet Nam's institutional setting that acted to impede the creation and implementation of climate policy. As seen in other countries, insufficient inter-ministry collaboration and information sharing restricted the overall success of climate policy, with poor representation of non-lead ministries in drafting and inadequate channels for bottom-up engagement also considered major constraints. These coupled with gaps in financing make for fragmented policies that often lack clear implementation guidelines, particularly at a local level. The NDC process presents an opportunity for Viet Nam to coordinate their cross-sector climate response around a single international agreement, facilitating greater inter-ministry information and data sharing, while utilizing the technical and financial support provided through international partners to build capacity in this vital area.

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“…The meta-analysis done by Yagi et al (2020) based on 31 region-specific studies from five South East Asian countries indicated a potential of 35% reduction of methane emission with AWD. Like Philippines, many Asian countries including Vietnam, Bangladesh, etc., have considered AWD as the priority mitigation option as part its intended NDC to the UNFCCC (Amjath-Babu et al, 2019;Escobar Carbonari et al, 2019).…”

Section: Alternate Wetting and Drying Potential And Challenges In Global Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling Challenges to Scaling Alternate Wetting and Drying Technology for Rice Cultivation: Distilling Lessons From 20 Years of Experience in the Philippines

Enriquez

Yadav

Evangelista

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is a low-cost innovation that enables farmers to adapt to increasingly water scarcity conditions (such as drought), increase overall farm production efficiency, and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is seen as a pathway for transforming agri-food systems into more resilient, productive, biologically diverse, and equitable forms, ensuring our commitments to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper uses scaling up and innovation uncertainty frameworks to review the success and challenges of AWD's 20-year scaling trajectory in the Philippines and explain the key factors that have influenced its outcomes. The framework adapted for this study is also used to examine the fitness between the scaling context and requirements, organizational mission, and corresponding capabilities. Findings show the innovation platform that vertically integrated key actors and locally adapted AWD has helped foster essential breakthroughs in creating an enabling environment that took AWD to national policy adoption in the Philippines. However, the dominant focus on technology transfer, product focus, and preference for controlled environments in the scaling practice has neglected many important contextual factors, allowing mismatches in enabling policy incentives, institutions, and scale to diminish the impacts of AWD in gravity-based systems. Our findings suggest that rethinking and re-envisioning the ways in which the impact can be scaled in irrigation rice systems using AWD is critical to sustaining food security and making the agriculture sector more resilient to climate change.

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Reviewing Vietnam's Nationally Determined Contribution: A New Perspective Using the Marginal Cost of Abatement

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Enhancing Vietnam’s Nationally Determined Contribution with Mitigation Targets for Agroforestry: A Technical and Economic Estimate

Enhancing Vietnam’s Nationally Determined Contribution with Mitigation Targets for Agroforestry: A Technical and Economic Estimate

Barriers to Implementing Climate Policies in Agriculture: A Case Study From Viet Nam

Disentangling Challenges to Scaling Alternate Wetting and Drying Technology for Rice Cultivation: Distilling Lessons From 20 Years of Experience in the Philippines

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