Abstract:The development of smart materials has provided a new technology in the field of 3D printing which is termed as 4D printing technology. Such development has allowed the researchers to design a material and component which can respond to external stimuli. The present review focuses on an overview of the advancement in 3D printing technology and 4D printing technology and possibilities for further development. Apart from 3 dimensions of 3D printing, 4D printing uses time as fourth dimension to create or modify s… Show more
“…Generally, the fluid flow stops at a pH level of 2 whereas restoration occurs at a pH level of 13. [ 170–172 ] Narupai et al. [ 173 ] studied protein‐based hydrogels for programmable structural shape‐changing behavior under the stimulus of temperature, pH, and enzyme.…”
Section: Stimuli Responses In 4d Printingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Generally, the fluid flow stops at a pH level of 2 whereas restoration occurs at a pH level of 13. [170][171][172] Narupai et al [173] studied protein-based hydrogels for programmable structural shape-changing behavior under the stimulus of temperature, pH, and enzyme. A methacrylated (MA) bovine serum albumin was introduced as pickering emulsion gels in the presence of N-isopropylacrylamide or 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate responsible for shapechanging under pH stimulus, as depicted in Figure 11.…”
Shape-memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and adaptive products which are responsive to physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These structures are categorized into 4D-printed (4DPed) products which change their shape and properties over time dimension. 4D printing, a novel, multidisciplinary, and futuristic technology is expanding its utilization in different applications including healthcare, space, textile, soft robotics, defence, sports, aerospace, and automotive sectors. This review article focuses on the recent and insightful developments in the 4DP technology of SMMs especially shape-memory polymers. This review also integrates printing technologies, the programming of materials for specific actuating mechanisms, and the most recent applications of 4DPed structures/products. Future perspectives and countless opportunities of this 4DP technology are outlined to address the current challenges which will help evolve and promote this novel technology as the mainstream manufacturing approach for developing real-world products in a myriad of engineering sectors. 4DP technology progresses beyond imagination, since its inception and will promote technological and manufacturing renaissance in the material science field. This technology will profoundly impact manufacturing and daily human life in the future.
“…Generally, the fluid flow stops at a pH level of 2 whereas restoration occurs at a pH level of 13. [ 170–172 ] Narupai et al. [ 173 ] studied protein‐based hydrogels for programmable structural shape‐changing behavior under the stimulus of temperature, pH, and enzyme.…”
Section: Stimuli Responses In 4d Printingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Generally, the fluid flow stops at a pH level of 2 whereas restoration occurs at a pH level of 13. [170][171][172] Narupai et al [173] studied protein-based hydrogels for programmable structural shape-changing behavior under the stimulus of temperature, pH, and enzyme. A methacrylated (MA) bovine serum albumin was introduced as pickering emulsion gels in the presence of N-isopropylacrylamide or 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate responsible for shapechanging under pH stimulus, as depicted in Figure 11.…”
Shape-memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and adaptive products which are responsive to physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These structures are categorized into 4D-printed (4DPed) products which change their shape and properties over time dimension. 4D printing, a novel, multidisciplinary, and futuristic technology is expanding its utilization in different applications including healthcare, space, textile, soft robotics, defence, sports, aerospace, and automotive sectors. This review article focuses on the recent and insightful developments in the 4DP technology of SMMs especially shape-memory polymers. This review also integrates printing technologies, the programming of materials for specific actuating mechanisms, and the most recent applications of 4DPed structures/products. Future perspectives and countless opportunities of this 4DP technology are outlined to address the current challenges which will help evolve and promote this novel technology as the mainstream manufacturing approach for developing real-world products in a myriad of engineering sectors. 4DP technology progresses beyond imagination, since its inception and will promote technological and manufacturing renaissance in the material science field. This technology will profoundly impact manufacturing and daily human life in the future.
“…Figure 5 depicts the progress of additive manufacturing techniques. Although some recent discoveries have proved to be capable, but there are still some challenges to overcome [ 35 – 37 ]. Fig.…”
Graphical abstract
4D printing is inspired by embedded product designs to produce stimuli-responsive consumables fabricated by available commercial 3D printers. Although significant progress on smart material performance has been made and different studies have focused on new strategies and process improvements in typical additive manufacturing. Herein, the proposed review article discusses material arrangements for 4D printing, highlighting the structural evolvement mechanism, the behavior of deformation, and their prospective implementation with respect. Starting from a generalized idea, and fundamental workflow, together with a graphical manifestation of the 4D printing concept, and 4D printing for shape-memory materials (SMMs), self-fitting wearables based on shape memory alloys (SMAs) are reviewed exclusively. Furthermore, the capabilities of single and multiple materials mechanisms for shape-shifting behavior are summarized. Finally, we explored the future application potential under succeeding context: SMA-based knitted garments, transforming food, and relevant sectors wise development and proceedings with the advancement in smart materials. We determined our review by aiming our future directions such as the “dream it and make it feasible” technology.
“…The printed hydrophilic materials were observed as selffolded when dipped in water. [7,8] Many advanced smart polymers such as hydrogel changed shape on immersion in water due to localized swelling anisotropy. [9] However, one of the most common biodegradable materials that is, wood residue has been found self-transforming under the expose of humidity change.…”
In the present study, nanosilica reinforced polylactic acid wood composite was fabricated using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 4D printing technology. Nanosilica content was varied to study the effect on shape memory property like shape recovery rate and mechanical properties such as hardness, compressive strength and dynamic mechanical properties and simultaneous thermal properties. The finding of result indicated that the mechanical properties such as hardness, compressive strength, and flexural strength were increased by 60%, 60%, and 16.6% with the addition of 2 wt% nanosilica. The thermal stability of composite was also improved with the addition of nanosilica. The storage modulus was initially increased and then decreased with the increase in nanosilica content. However, the maximum shape recovery rate was decreased with the increase in nanosilica content.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
