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The development of smart materials has provided a new technology in the field of 3D printing which is termed as 4D printing technology. Such development has allowed the researchers to design a material and component which can respond to external stimuli. The present review focuses on an overview of the advancement in 3D printing technology and 4D printing technology and possibilities for further development. Apart from 3 dimensions of 3D printing, 4D printing uses time as fourth dimension to create or modify shape when exposed to stimuli. The parameters which change with time include temperature, water, light, humidity, pH etc. The invention of smart materials, development in fabrication process and deformation model, advancement in printing methods have led to development of 4D printing technology. The ability of smart material to change the shape and design according to their environment and as per the application have enhanced degree of freedom of parts during application. The effect of major components including smart materials, printing methods and stimuli on 4D printing technology have been reviewed. Some recent discoveries have shown promising results but still need to overcome certain impediments.

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