Review on recent progress in Manganese‐based anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries

Abstract

The emerging sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries have drawn great attention as alternative means of energy storage because of their low cost and resource availability. However, designing electrode materials with outstanding performances and excellent cycling efficiency remains a significant obstacle because of the substantial mass and large radius of Na-ions. Because of their high theoretical specific capacity and low cost, manganese (Mn)-based materials have greater potential to be explored compared with other transition-metal oxide anodes. From their current state of the art, the utilisations of Mn-based anode materials, including

Marigold-like MoS2@MOF-Derived N-Doped Carbon as a Stable and High-Capacity Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…These include Fe/Co/Mn-based oxides, sulfides, selenides, and phosphides. They deliver high specific capacity by multielectron reactions and also have comparable energy density. − However, these materials usually suffer from a relatively high working potential and large volume change, leading to poor cycling life.…”

The Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries Based on Conversion Reactions: a Review

“…When the M is an electrochemically active metal (e. g.: Sn, Sb, etc. ), further alloying reactions will be carried out, [18,19] taking the oxide as an example, [20] the reaction mechanism is as follows (Eqs. 2 and 3):…”

Tailoring natural anthracite carbon materials towards considerable electrochemical properties with exploration of ester/ether-based electrolyte

“…Currently, based on their diverse redox mechanisms, they could be divided into three kinds: (1) insertion-type materials, such as carbon materials or TiO 2 , whose capacity is relatively low; (2) conversion-type materials, such as FeS 2 or CoSe 2 , which still suffer from volume expansion and a "shuttling effect"; (3) alloying-type materials, such as Sb or Sn, but are limited by serious volume swelling. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Compared to the latter two, the former always display stable chemical properties and cycling properties. Considering the urgent demands of safety, carbon materials, as typical members, have captured a lot of attention due to their low cost and environmental friendliness.…”