Review on Graphite Foam as Thermal Material for Heat Exchangers

Lin, Wamei; Yuan, Jinliang; Sundén, Bengt

doi:10.3384/ecp11057748

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Coatings 2018, 8,5 and the adsorption rate of the additive particles. In the range from 1 to 5 A/dm 2 , the adsorption of NDs onto the substrate surface may have become dominant, resulting in an increase in the ND content of the coating at especially low current densities.…”

Section: Effect Of the Current Density During Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbonous materials such as graphite, graphene, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, and diamonds are promising candidates for next-generation heat-dissipation materials because their thermal conductivity is 2 to 10 times greater than that of copper [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10]. Various monolithic carbonous materials, including synthetic graphite sheets [6], graphite foams [8], a vertically aligned hybrid material of diamond thin platelets covered with a crystalline graphite layer [9], and highly oriented other anions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various monolithic carbonous materials, including synthetic graphite sheets [6], graphite foams [8], a vertically aligned hybrid material of diamond thin platelets covered with a crystalline graphite layer [9], and highly oriented other anions. ND (0.15 g) was suspended in 5 mL of concentrated H2SO4 in a Teflon container, which was subsequently sealed in a stainless-steel jacket for hydrothermal treatment at 493 K for 2 h. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrodeposition of Copper/Carbonous Nanomaterial Composite Coatings for Heat-Dissipation Materials

et al. 2017

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Carbonous nanomaterials are promising additives for composite coatings for heat-dissipation materials because of their excellent thermal conductivity. Here, copper/carbonous nanomaterial composite coatings were prepared using nanodiamond (ND) as the carbonous nanomaterial. The copper/ND composite coatings were electrically deposited onto copper substrates from a continuously stirred copper sulfate coating bath containing NDs. NDs were dispersed by ultrasonic treatment, and the initial bath pH was adjusted by adding sodium hydroxide solution or sulfuric acid solution before electrodeposition. The effects of various coating conditions-the initial ND concentration, initial bath pH, stirring speed, electrical current density, and the amount of electricity-on the ND content of the coatings were investigated. Furthermore, the surface of the NDs was modified by hydrothermal treatment to improve ND incorporation. A higher initial ND concentration and a higher stirring speed increased the ND content of the coatings, whereas a higher initial bath pH and a greater amount of electricity decreased it. The electrical current density showed a minimum ND content at approximately 5 A/dm 2 . Hydrothermal treatment, which introduced carboxyl groups onto the ND surface, improved the ND content of the coatings. A copper/ND composite coating with a maximum of 3.85 wt % ND was obtained.

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Section: Effect Of the Current Density During Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrodeposition of Copper/Carbonous Nanomaterial Composite Coatings for Heat-Dissipation Materials

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, metal foams have excellent potential to enhance heat transfer. For example, Lin et al [3] demonstrated that the solid foam radiator is significantly more efficient than the fin radiator in enhancing heat transfer performance. Boomsma et al [4] showed that the compressed aluminum foam heat exchanger has nearly half the thermal resistance and significantly higher heat transfer efficiency as compared with the regular heat exchanger.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis and Characterization of Metal Foam-Filled Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers

Chen

Tavakkoli

Vafai

2015

Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications

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The effect of using metal foams in double-pipe heat exchangers is investigated in this work. The advantages and drawbacks of using metal foams in these types of heat exchanger are characterized and quantified. The analysis starts with an investigation of forced convection in metal foam-filled heat exchangers using the Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model and the Local Thermal Equilibrium (LTE) energy model. An excellent agreement is displayed between the present results and established analytical results. The presented work enables one to establish the optimum conditions for the use of metal foam-filled double-pipe heat exchangers.

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“…Thus, the low effective thermal conductivity of aluminum and copper, 54 and 45 W/mK, respectively, are less than ideal. Graphitic foam, developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in 1997, emerged with an effective thermal conductivity of more than 150 W/mK[30]. In addition to its high effective thermal conductivity, low density and high specific surface area make it an ideal material in thermal management applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer Interface to Graphitic Foam

Lin

Anderssen

Yee

2019

Volume 8: Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering

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Thermal interface materials (TIMs) used for bonding components are important for creating a thermally conductive path which improves heat dissipation. Low density, porous carbon foams are commonly used for thermal management applications and devices. Their high surface area to volume ratio enables cooling more effectively via different heat transfer methods. Many studies have adopted different methods to analytically or computationally analyze the effective thermal conductivity of carbon foams. Others have studied the participation of TIMs used in composite materials. However, very few studies have analyzed the microscale effects in heat transfer of the interaction between TIM and carbon foams. The amount of contact between a carbon foam and a bonded surface has hardly been reported in the literature. In this study, the carbon foam is deposited with thin layers of graphene until reaching the desired foam density; this type of foam is known as the graphitic foam. Graphene’s highly anisotropic thermal properties result in high thermal conductivity in the planar direction but low in the normal direction. With these anisotropic thermal characteristics, the objective of this study is to determine the effect of TIM thickness on thermal conductivity of the graphitic foam. It was hypothesized that the direction which heat enters the graphitic foam and the size of the cross-sectional area normal to the heat flux direction would affect the overall effective thermal conductivity. As commonly known, a gap created between ligands (foam structure) and the bonded surface would likely reduce the overall effective thermal conductivity. At the gap, heat is transferred via the TIMs or the graphitic foam through conduction, depending on if a direct contact exists between the graphitic foam and the bonded surface. The filler types used for the TIMs are hypothesized to play a critical role in the heat portion transferred via the TIMs. The heat transfer in 2-D becomes extremely complicated while anisotropic materials (graphene coating) and isotropic materials (TIMs) interact. Furthermore, the non-uniform structure of the carbon foam introduces more complexity to the heat transfer at the interface. A computational model using ANSYS finite element program was developed in this study to help the analysis. The results demonstrate that the parameters at the interface can be optimized to improve the overall effective thermal conductivity of the interface.

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Review on Graphite Foam as Thermal Material for Heat Exchangers

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Electrodeposition of Copper/Carbonous Nanomaterial Composite Coatings for Heat-Dissipation Materials

Electrodeposition of Copper/Carbonous Nanomaterial Composite Coatings for Heat-Dissipation Materials

Analysis and Characterization of Metal Foam-Filled Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers

Heat Transfer Interface to Graphitic Foam

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