Review of the Quantitative Resilience Methods in Water Distribution Networks

Abstract

Water distribution networks (WDNs) are critical contributors to the social welfare, economic growth, and public health in cities. Under the uncertainties that are introduced owing to climate change, urban development, aging components, and interdependent infrastructure, the WDN performance must be evaluated using continuously innovative methods and data acquisition. Quantitative resilience assessments provide useful information for WDN operators and planners, enabling support systems that can withstand disasters, recover quickly from outages, and adapt to uncertain environments. This study reviews contemporary approaches for quantifying the resilience of WDNs. 1508 journal articles published from 1950 to 2018 are identified under systematic review guidelines. 137 references that focus on the quantitative resilience methods of WDN are classified as surrogate measures, simulation methods, network theory approaches, and fault detection and isolation approaches. This study identifies the resilience capability of the WDNs and describes the related terms of absorptive, restorative, and adaptive capabilities. It also discusses the metrics, research progresses, and limitations associated with each method. Finally, this study indicates the challenges associated with the quantification of WDNs that should be overcome for achieving improved resilience assessments in the future. earthquake in 1976 [3] stopped the water supply for more than one week, whereas the Northridge earthquake in 1994 [4] destroyed 74 water main pipes, resulting in approximately 1200 leaks and stoppage of water supply for several weeks. The Kobe earthquake in 1995 [5] damaged more than 4000 incidents of damage to water pipes and cut off 1.2 million end users. Only one-third of the WDN was repaired after one week, and the complete period required for repair was two and a half months. The Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 [6] affected 181 cities in the Sichuan Province and damaged 47,642.5 km of water pipes. Some cities (such as Dujiangyan and Mianzhu) remained deprived of their normal water supply for a year after the occurrence of this earthquake.The emerging uncertainties have introduced new risks with respect to WDN operation and planning. The impacts of climate change, which are already being felt in the water systems in various communities, will become increasingly severe and intense in the future [7,8]. The WDN planners must re-evaluate the balance between water supply and demand under climate-change events such as increase in sea level, earthquakes, storms, and heatwaves [9]. Meanwhile, the WDNs in several industrialized counties and existing systems exhibit endogenous problems such as aging components, increasing their vulnerability to extreme events. Furthermore, the rapid development of cities has led to the high concentration of population in cities as well as the emergence of cities as financial hubs. The cascading failures caused by the closely associated interactive infrastructures can exacerbate the impact and destructiveness of disasters [10,...

Probabilistic measures of edge criticality in graphs: a study in water distribution networks

“…More recently Ulusoy et al (2018) proposed a hydraulically informed measure of criticality called water flow edge betweenness centrality (WFEBC), built upon on shortest-path and random walks betweenness measures (Herrera et al 2016(Herrera et al , 2015. Shuang et al (2019) is a wide survey of quantitative resilience methods of WDN including network base approaches. Diao (2020) extends this analysis to multiscale resilience in water distribution and drainage systems.…”

A New Metric for Assessing Resilience of Water Distribution Networks

“…Most of these models depend mainly on running complex hydraulic simulations. The main issue with hydraulic simulation-based methods is that they require complicated calculations and parameters calibration, which significantly increase the computational cost, especially as the size and complexity of the network increase [32]. Many researchers have tackled resilience from a disaster management perspective, "a snapshot in time" disregarding some important asset management concepts such as deterioration and aging of water networks [33].…”

Reviewing qualitative research approaches in the context of critical infrastructure resilience

“…energy systems (Gasser et al 2019 ), cyber CIs (Mohebbi et al 2020 ), remote sensing (Veettil et al 2020 ), supply chain (Golan et al 2020 )), or with an explicit focus on quantification (see e.g. Hosseini et al 2016 ; Ingrisch and Bahn 2018 ; Shuang et al 2019 ; Rehana et al 2020 )). However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no explicit up-to-date literature review related to qualitative (or semi-quantitative) methodologies as developed for managing resilience of CIs.…”