A New Metric for Assessing Resilience of Water Distribution Networks

Assad, Ahmed; Moselhi, Osama; Zayed, Tarek

doi:10.3390/w11081701

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…The results are illustrated in Figure 7. According to the results, among the surveyed studies, energy systems (e.g., [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]), transportation networks (e.g., [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]), and water supply networks (e.g., [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78]) have the highest frequency as case studies, among other fields. Meanwhile, health care infrastructures [79,80], industrial processes [81][82][83], supply chain [84], mining sector…”

Section: In What Type Of Technological Ciss Has the Concept Of Resilience Been Used?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the US Presidential Policy Directive (PPD), resilience can be defined as the "system's ability to prepare for and adapt to changing conditions and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptive events" [88,115]. The American Society of Mechanical Engineer (ASME) defined resilience as the "system's ability to sustain external and internal disruptions without discontinuity of performing the system function or, if the function is disconnected, to fully recover the functions rapidly" [75,116]. The US National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC) described resilience as the "system's ability to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, and rapidly recover from a potentially disruptive event" [15,117,118].…”

Section: How Is the Term "Resilience" Defined In The Discipline Of Technological Ciss?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A CIS with high robustness maintains its central function in a disruptive event [3,12,80,123,127,128]. Robustness is measured by the CIS's amount of residual performance after a disruption [75,115]. Furthermore, survivability, resistant ability, and stability have a similar definition to robustness [75,126,129,130].…”

Section: What Types Of Terms Define/determine the Resilience Of Technological Ciss?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reliability: The CIS's ability to implement the needed performance under certain conditions and over some time without loss of performance is called reliability [8,75,131,133,143]. When the CIS is in a normal state (before a disruptive event), reliability provides its essential function [143].…”

Section: What Types Of Terms Define/determine the Resilience Of Technological Ciss?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2021

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Risk management is a fundamental approach to improving critical infrastructure systems’ safety against disruptive events. This approach focuses on designing robust critical infrastructure systems (CISs) that could resist disruptive events by minimizing the possible events’ probability and consequences using preventive and protective programs. However, recent disasters like COVID-19 have shown that most CISs cannot stand against all potential disruptions. Recently there is a transition from robust design to resilience design of CISs, increasing the focus on preparedness, response, and recovery. Resilient CISs withstand most of the internal and external shocks, and if they fail, they can bounce back to the operational phase as soon as possible using minimum resources. Moreover, in resilient CISs, early warning enables managers to get timely information about the proximity and development of distributions. An understanding of the concept of resilience, its influential factors, and available evaluation and analyzing tools are required to have effective resilience management. Moreover, it is important to highlight the current gaps. Technological resilience is a new concept associated with some ambiguity around its definition, its terms, and its applications. Hence, using the concept of resilience without understanding these variations may lead to ineffective pre- and post-disruption planning. A well-established systematic literature review can provide a deep understanding regarding the concept of resilience, its limitation, and applications. The aim of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review to study the current research around technological CISs’ resilience. In the review, 192 primary studies published between 2003 and 2020 are reviewed. Based on the results, the concept of resilience has gradually found its place among researchers since 2003, and the number of related studies has grown significantly. It emerges from the review that a CIS can be considered as resilient if it has (i) the ability to imagine what to expect, (ii) the ability to protect and resist a disruption, (iii) the ability to absorb the adverse effects of disruption, (iv) the ability to adapt to new conditions and changes caused by disruption, and (v) the ability to recover the CIS’s normal performance level after a disruption. It was shown that robustness is the most frequent resilience contributing factor among the reviewed primary studies. Resilience analysis approaches can be classified into four main groups: empirical, simulation, index-based, and qualitative approaches. Simulation approaches, as dominant models, mostly study real case studies, while empirical methods, specifically those that are deterministic, are built based on many assumptions that are difficult to justify in many cases.

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Section: In What Type Of Technological Ciss Has the Concept Of Resilience Been Used?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Is the Term "Resilience" Defined In The Discipline Of Technological Ciss?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Types Of Terms Define/determine the Resilience Of Technological Ciss?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Types Of Terms Define/determine the Resilience Of Technological Ciss?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2021

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“…There have been extensive attempts to propose resilience metrics and performance evaluation approaches for WDN. For example, Assad et al (2019) proposed a new multi-attribute resilience metric based on the robustness and redundancy of the WDNs. Diao et al (2016) introduced a global resilience analysis (GRA) approach that can be used as a comprehensive diagnostic framework to evaluate a range of interventions for improving Proceedings of the 30th European Safety and Reliability Conference and the 15th Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference 1184 system resilience in future studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience Quantification of Large-Scale Water Distribution Networks: A Probabilistic Approach

Kammouh

Nogal

Cimellaro

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 30th European Safety and Reliability Conference and 15th Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conf

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The capacity of a community to react to and resist during an emergency situation is highly related to the proper functioning of its infrastructure systems. Improving the infrastructure response and recovery capacity through management and adaptation strategies can help increase community resilience. Infrastructural assets are considered outdated in almost all countries in the world. This poses a clear vulnerability to infrastructure systems when subjected to disaster events such as earthquakes. This paper proposes a statistical probabilistic approach to quantify the resilience of large-scale Water Distribution Networks (WDN). The resilience of the network is evaluated using two indices: (1) the number of users without water, and (2) the drop in the total water supply, assuming that the local failure of the system occurs when the water flow and the water pressure go below a certain threshold. A series of earthquake scenarios are applied to the studied water network whose damage is determined using fragility functions that integrate the WDN characteristics with the seismic intensity. As an illustration, the proposed approach is used to quantify the resilience of a WDN in a virtual community testbed with 900,000 inhabitants. Results obtained show interesting correlation between the earthquake occurrence time, the water demand pattern, and the pipes material. The presented approach is the first step towards a systemic planning of the maintenance activities and budget allocation of pipeline networks, where both vulnerability and criticality of pipes are combined to obtain a more comprehensive resilience index of the network.

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Evaluation of industrial network robustness against targeted attacks

Alrumaih,

Alenazi

2023

Concurrency and Computation

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SummaryDeveloping a long‐lasting, secure Industry 4.0 system presents a significant challenge for businesses and other interested parties. Industrial control systems (ICSs) are particularly vulnerable to cybercrime because of the operating systems' excessive availability and high robustness requirements. This research investigates five graph‐theory‐based measures to evaluate the robustness of industrial network topologies against three centrality‐based attacks and one random attack. Experiments are conducted to examine the three levels of the ICS network topology, from the field devices to the controllers and the enterprise devices. The results are twofold. On the one hand, the closeness‐based attack is the most harmful since it has the highest destructive potential and needs to attack only half of the total nodes in the network to reach the lowest robustness level. The betweenness‐based attack follows closely in terms of destruction, whereas the degree‐based attack is less destructive but rapidly degrades the robustness of the network. On the other hand, the flow robustness measure provides the best performance in the presence of any of the studied attacks, showing strong perception of robustness reduction when only one percent of the total nodes in the network are attacked. For this reason, the flow robustness measure is suitable to identify and locate the targeted attacks at their early stages, preventing them from becoming more catastrophic. Finally, the results suggest that the industrial network security system should combine at least two measures to ensure robustness against the most destructive attacks and their early‐stage detection. The research also confirmed the results by implementing attacks and measures on a real gas transmission network.

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A New Metric for Assessing Resilience of Water Distribution Networks

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

The Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

The Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Resilience Quantification of Large-Scale Water Distribution Networks: A Probabilistic Approach

Evaluation of industrial network robustness against targeted attacks

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