Review of photodynamic therapy

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy of Cutaneous Melanoma

“…Excitation with light with appropriate wavelength catalyzes the production of ROSs which induces cytotoxic effects causing irreversible photodamage to tumour tissues (Awan and Tarin, 2006;Davids and Kleemann, 2010;MacDonald, 2011;Foote, 1991). The data collected from preclinical and some clinical observations suggest that the PDT approach appears to be useful in numerous oncological malignances (Dougherty, 1992;Allison, 2006).…”

“…Therefore, fluorescent diagnosis of melanin-pigmented neoplasia, such as cutaneous malignant melanoma and its differentiation vs. dysplastic precursors and similar benign skin pathologies, such as nevi, is an elaborate and challenging task for all researchers working in the field of biomedical photonics. Photodiagnosis (PD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been established as emerging modalities for a variety of pathogenic conditions including pigmented melanoma (Awan et al, 2006;Davids and Kleemann, 2010). The number of cases of pigmented malignancies has been steadily increasing during the last decades in general, and, in particular, malignant melanoma (MM) incidence has also increased.…”

Exploration of meso‐Substituted Formylporphyrins and Their Grignard and Wittig Reactions

“…was used for monoformylated porphyrins 3b and 20d and 20 equiv. for the reaction with (5, 20e. The yields are given in Scheme 6.…”

“…They play an important role in biological processes such as oxygen transport, electron transfer and photosynthesis. [1] Their properties also make them useful in applications ranging from catalysis, [2] drug delivery, [3] nonlinear optics, [4] photodynamic therapy, [5] and the fundamental studies and generation of novel macrocycles. [6] As a result of these properties, they are some of the most important fine chemicals that are available in industry, and they are utilised in an ever-expanding array of applications.…”

Chlorins in Photodynamic Therapy - Synthesis and applications

“…No entanto, o uso da TFD é limitado devido a alguns efeitos indesejáveis, como por exemplo, a fraca especificidade na biodistribuição e ainda na prolongada acumulação do fotossensibilizador em tecidos não-neoplásicos. 9,10 Os fotossensibilizadores de 1ª geração, como o Photofrin®, apesar de serem amplamente usados no tratamento de vários tipos de cânceres ou condições pré-cancerígenas, apresentaram algumas desvantagens. Destas destacam-se a prolongada fotossensibilidade cutânea, a baixa seletividade pelo tecido tumoral e a banda de absorção onde a droga é fotoativada (região do vermelho) é fraca, não se encontrando na região ideal do espectro.…”