Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy of Cutaneous Melanoma

Borisova, Ekaterina; Bliznakova, I.; Mantareva, Vanya; Angelov, Latchezar Avramov Ivan; Petkova, Elmira

doi:10.5772/18951

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…More detailed description of used equipment and some preliminary results are reported by our group elsewhere. 5,7,8,24,25 Autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were applied to several different classes of benign, dysplastic and malignant cutaneous lesions. Initially, they were classified visually and dermatoscopically using ABCD scoring criteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnosis of various skin conditions can be made based on the tissues autofluorescence derived from endogenous fluorophores, such as co-enzimes, structural proteins and their cross-links, aromatic amino-acids, and porphyrins. [6][7][8] The fluorescence intensity depends, amongst other factors, on the fluorophores concentration, on sample thickness and intensity of incident radiation.…”

Section: Light-induced Autofluorescence Spectroscopy Of Human Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light-induced autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in clinical diagnosis of skin cancer

Borisova¹,

Pavlova

Kundurzhiev

et al. 2014

Biophotonics: Photonic Solutions for Better Health Care IV

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We investigated more than 500 clinical cases to receive the spectral properties of basal cell (136 patients) and squamous cell carcinoma (28), malignant melanoma (41) and different cutaneous dysplastic and benign cutaneous lesions. Excitation at 365, 385 and 405 nm using LEDs sources is applied to obtain autofluorescence spectra, and broad-band illumination in the region of 400-900 nm is used to detect diffuse reflectance spectra of all pathologies investigated. USB4000 microspectrometer (Ocean Optics Inc, USA) is applied as a detector and fiber-optic probe is used for delivery of the light.In the case of in vivo tumor measurements spectral shape and intensity changes are observed that are specific for a given type of lesion. Autofluorescence origins of the signals coming from skin tissues are mainly due to proteins, such as collagen, elastin, keratin, their cross-links, co-enzimes -NADH and flavins and endogenous porphyrins. Spectral features significant into diffuse spectroscopy diagnosis are related to the effects of re-absorption of hemoglobin and its forms, as well as melanin and its concentration in different pathologies. We developed significant database and revealed specific features for a large class of cutaneous neoplasia, using about 30 different spectral peculiarities to differentiate cutaneous tumors. Sensitivity and specificity obtained exceed 90%, which make optical biopsy very useful tool for clinical practice.These results are obtained in the frames of clinical investigations for development of significant "spectral features" database for the most common cutaneous malignant, dysplastic and benign lesions. In the forthcoming plans, our group tries to optimize the existing experimental system for optical biopsy of skin, and to introduce it and the diagnostic algorithms developed into clinical practice, based on the high diagnostic accuracy achieved.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Light-induced Autofluorescence Spectroscopy Of Human Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-induced autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in clinical diagnosis of skin cancer

Borisova¹,

Pavlova

Kundurzhiev

et al. 2014

Biophotonics: Photonic Solutions for Better Health Care IV

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“…mantareva@orgchm.bas.bg R The first one initiates the formation of PS in singlet excited state which can relax to the singlet ground state by fluorescence emission and by non-radiative transitions, which is most likely an intersystem crossing to the triplet excited state. 3,4 In parallel, the second process of energy transfer to the triplet state of PS takes place, which initiates a cascade of photochemical reactions with involvement of the atmospheric molecular oxygen and results in the generation of singlet oxygen (type II mechanism) or the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) (type I mechanism).The singlet oxygen and the other ROSs are toxic to the cells and their formation in the vicinity of the cellular membranes leads to oxidation and the selective cellular photodamage. 5 The far-red absorbing photosensitizers with a fast release from the skin and healthy tissues are recognized among the phthalocyanines (Pcs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of the position of galactose units to Zn(II) phthalocyanine on the uptake and photodynamic activity towards breast cancer cells

Mantareva

Kril²,

Ангелов

et al. 2012

SPIE Proceedings

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Zn(II)-phthalocyanines with tetra-substitution of D-galactose group on non-peripheral (nGalPc) and peripheral (pGalPc) positions have been studied as photodynamic sensitizers. The both complexes are water-soluble and highly aggregated in water and cell culture medium. The non-peripheral galactose units attached to the phthalocyanine macrocycle (nGalPc) lead to far red shift of absorbance maximum at 703 nm as compared to peripherally substituted pGalPc with maximum at 683 nm. The fluorescence maxima of the studied GalPcs were red shifted (8-14 nm) depending on the used solvent as compared to the absorption maxima. The relatively low fluorescence quantum yields in dimethylsulfoxide (0.06 for nGalPc and 0.21 for pGalPc) were determined. The singlet oxygen generation was determined with lower quantum yield for pGalPc (0.21) as compared to nGalPc (0.38). The lack of dark toxicity towards breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) in wide concentration range (0.125 -10 µM) was observed. The uptake into the tumor cells and the subcellular localization in MCF-7 cells were determined with higher accumulation for pGalPc, compared to nGalPc. The in vitro photodynamic activity of GalPcs towards breast cancer cells was investigated for different dye concentrations and soft light parameters of 635 nm irradiation. The antitumor activity of nGalPc was superior to the pGalPc-induced cytotoxicity, due to higher generation of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species.

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“…Among those techniques, fluorescence spectroscopy has been proven to be a very sensitive and accurate method for detection of early changes in a variety of cancers 3 . Fluorescence is the physical phenomenon whereby light is emitted by a substance as a result of excited electrons returning to their ground states after absorption of excitation light 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation-emission matrices measurements of human cutaneous lesions: tool for fluorescence origin

Zhelyazkova¹,

Borisova²,

Angelova³

et al. 2013

SPIE Proceedings

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The light induced fluorescence (LIF) technique has the potential of providing real-time diagnosis of malignant and premalignant skin tissue; however, human skin is a multilayered and inhomogeneous organ with different optical properties that complicate the analysis of cutaneous fluorescence spectra. In spite of the difficulties related to the detection and analysis of fluorescent data from skin lesions, this technique is among the most widely applied techniques in laboratorial and pre-clinical investigations for early skin neoplasia diagnosis. The important point is to evaluate all sources of intrinsic fluorescence and find any significant alterations distinguishing the normal skin from a cancerous state of the tissue; this would make the autofluorescence signal obtained useful for the development of a non-invasive diagnostic tool for the dermatological practice.Our investigations presented here were based on ex vivo point-by-point measurements of excitation-emission matrices (EEM) from excised tumor lesions and the surrounding skin taken during the daily clinical practice of Queen Jiovanna-ISUL University Hospital, Sofia, the local Ethical Committee's approval having already been obtained. The fluorescence emission was measured between 300 nm and 800 nm using excitation in the 280-440 nm spectral range. In the process of excitation-emission matrices (EEM) measurements we could establish the origin of the autofluorescence and the compounds related by assigning the excitation and emission maxima obtained during the experiments. The EEM were compared for normal human skin, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, benign nevi and malignant melanoma lesions to obtain information for the most common skin malignancies and their precursors. The main spectral features and the applicability of the technique of autofluorescent spectroscopy of human skin in general as an initial diagnostic tool are discussed as well.

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Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy of Cutaneous Melanoma

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Light-induced autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in clinical diagnosis of skin cancer

Light-induced autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in clinical diagnosis of skin cancer

Effects of the position of galactose units to Zn(II) phthalocyanine on the uptake and photodynamic activity towards breast cancer cells

Excitation-emission matrices measurements of human cutaneous lesions: tool for fluorescence origin

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