Review of pharmacological effects of imidazole derivatives

Abstract

Imidazole derivatives are the perspective class of drugs with a broad spectrum of application in medicine. Imidazole is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring; it has two equivalent forms; hydrogen atom may be located on any of two nitrogen atoms. Imidazole ring may interact with various cations and anions, as well as with biomolecules by different reactions; the presence of various groups in the nitrogenous heterocycle structure makes it possible to identify substances with a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. They are very important for the production of new drugs and recently draw the special interest of scientists due to their properties in the chemistry and pharmacology. Introduction of highly active Imidazole has stimulated the significant achievements in the field of chemotherapeutic agents and plays the very important role in medicine. Therefore, the active search for highly active Imidazole compounds still continues. This article describes the antifungal and antibacterial effects identified in preclinical studies through a literature review. The purpose of this work is to review the principal effects of Imidazole published in the scientific literature in recent years.

A Comprehensive Review On Utilization Of Various Method In The Synthesis Of Imidazole: Methods And Strategies

“…Furthermore, their effectiveness against mycobacteria in a dormant state was assessed, revealing a significant impact on combating the pathogen. (7)  Antifungal Activity -Yang and collaborators conducted a synthesis of various N-cyano-1H-imidazole-4carboxamide derivatives and subjected them to fungicidal screening against six distinct fungi strains, including Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea Pers, Gibberella zeae, Dothiorella gregaria, and Colletotrichum gossypii, at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. Among these newly synthesized compounds, a notable trend emerged, showcasing their exceptional antifungal activity.…”

Synthesis and in silico inhibitory action studies of azo-anchored imidazo[4,5-b]indole scaffolds against the COVID-19 main protease (Mpro)

“…Their chemistry has gained substantial interest in recent years owing to their contribution to various medicinal applications viz . as potent anti-viral, anti-convulsant, anti-depressant, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-hypertensive, and prominent anti-inflammatory agents 26 – 30 . Moreover, the derivatives comprising conjugated chromophoric azo (–N=N–) functionality have acquired unique significance on account of their versatile applicability ranging from the dyeing of textile fiber, the coloring of varied polymers and plastics, cosmetics industries, biological-medical studies, and advanced application in organic synthesis 31 – 34 .…”

Design, pharmacokinetic profiling, and assessment of kinetic and thermodynamic stability of novel anti-Salmonella typhi imidazole analogues

“…This class of chemical compounds has been reported to possess antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. Imidazole scaffolds are essential components of standard pharmaceuticals such as Miconazole, Econazole, Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole, Ornidazole, Azomycin, Oxiconazole, and Clonidine (Chen et al 2018a, b;Hu et al 2018;Rossi and Ciofalo 2020;Serdaliyeva et al 2022;Wang et al 2019). The antibacterial properties of nitroimidazole scaffold is based on its ability to penetrate the cell of the organisms via passive diffusion where it experiences reduction reaction leading to the formation of nitro radical anion which eventually oxidizes the bacteria's DNA leading to breakage of DNA strand and cell death (Edwards et al 1993).…”