“…A recent review of microthermoelectric generators [30] showed how almost all microTEGs analyzed, modeled, and prototyped over the last ten years had made use of standard microelectronic technologies. Therefore, we will limit the current analysis to generators obtained through standard planar manufacturing processes, although alternate approaches have been reported [31] and could provide viable routes of fabrication over the next future.…”
The spectacular growth of networks of intercommunicating sensing nodes has generated a request for alternate, renewable power sources. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs), either conventional or integrated, are possible candidates. This paper analyzes the usability of TEGs as alternate power sources for wireless sensor network. It is shown how TEGs meet power requirements of low-power sensing nodes and how they outperform batteries as of the installation costs. Factors still hampering TEG wider use are also reviewed and commented upon, and an outlook at specific applications where TEGs might be rapidly deployed is provided.
“…A recent review of microthermoelectric generators [30] showed how almost all microTEGs analyzed, modeled, and prototyped over the last ten years had made use of standard microelectronic technologies. Therefore, we will limit the current analysis to generators obtained through standard planar manufacturing processes, although alternate approaches have been reported [31] and could provide viable routes of fabrication over the next future.…”
The spectacular growth of networks of intercommunicating sensing nodes has generated a request for alternate, renewable power sources. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs), either conventional or integrated, are possible candidates. This paper analyzes the usability of TEGs as alternate power sources for wireless sensor network. It is shown how TEGs meet power requirements of low-power sensing nodes and how they outperform batteries as of the installation costs. Factors still hampering TEG wider use are also reviewed and commented upon, and an outlook at specific applications where TEGs might be rapidly deployed is provided.
“…Secondly, due to the heat transfer from the hot core stream to the cool bypass flow the bypass boundary layer is accelerated, whereas the core boundary layer is decelerated. For top-of-climb and at cruise conditions, the effect on the bypass flow shows an outweighing impact on the propulsive efficiency of the aircraft with maximum improvement in SFC of approximately 0.1% [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The efficiency of thermoelectric (TE) conversion is determined on the material level by the figure of merit ZT, which is formed by the Seebeck coefficient S, and the electrical and thermal conductivity σ and κ, respectively (ZT = S 2 ·σ·κ −1 ·T). The TE conversion of waste heat has been considered in the past for high power generation in many fields, such as to supply space probes [2,3], or for automotive [4][5][6] and stationary applications [7,8]. In contrast to this, TE energy harvesting for aviation was taken into account in the past with a focus on low power applications to supply sensor nodes.…”
Finite element model (FEM)-based simulations are conducted for the application of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) between the hot core stream and the cool bypass flow at the nozzle of an aviation turbofan engine. This work reports the resulting requirements on the TEG design with respect to applied thermoelectric (TE) element lengths and filling factors (F) of the TE modules in order to achieve a positive effect on the specific fuel consumption. Assuming a virtual optimized TE material and varying the convective heat transfer coefficients (HTC) between the nozzle surfaces and the gas flows, this work reports the achievable power output. System-level requirement on the gravimetric power density (>100 Wkg −1 ) can only be met for F ≤ 21%. When extrapolating TEG coverage to the full nozzle surface, the power output reaches 1.65 kW per engine. The assessment of further potential for power generation is demonstrated by a parametric study on F, convective HTC, and materials performance. This study confirms a feasible design range for TEG installation on the aircraft nozzle with a positive impact on the fuel consumption. This application translates into a reduction of operational costs, allowing for an economically efficient TEG-installation with respect to the cost-specific power output of modern thermoelectric materials.
“…The diversification and efficient multi-level utilization of the energy become important technical approaches to solve these energetic and environmental problems. Thermoelectric (TE) devices show an inherent superiority harvesting the energy generated from waste heat and low quality thermal energy and they constitute a promising way to supply power [1][2][3]. In addition, TE conversion has particular advantages such as small size, good output quality, no running noise, no pollution, and wide operating temperature range [4][5][6].…”
Multilayer structure is one of the research focuses of thermoelectric (TE) material in recent years. In this work, n-type 800 nm Bi 2 Te 3 /(Pt, Au) multilayers are designed with p-type Sb 2 Te 3 legs to fabricate ultrathin microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) TE devices. The power factor of the annealed Bi 2 Te 3 /Pt multilayer reaches 46.5 μW cm −1 K −2 at 303 K, which corresponds to more than a 350% enhancement when compared to pristine Bi 2 Te 3 . The annealed Bi 2 Te 3 /Au multilayers have a lower power factor than pristine Bi 2 Te 3 . The power of the device with Sb 2 Te 3 and Bi 2 Te 3 /Pt multilayers measures 20.9 nW at 463 K and the calculated maximum output power reaches 10.5 nW, which is 39.5% higher than the device based on Sb 2 Te 3 and Bi 2 Te 3 , and 96.7% higher than the Sb 2 Te 3 and Bi 2 Te 3 /Au multilayers one. This work can provide an opportunity to improve TE properties by using multilayer structures and novel ultrathin MEMS TE devices in a wide variety of applications.
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