Review of materials and manufacturing options for large area flexible dye solar cells

Hashmi, Syed Ghufran; Miettunen, Kati; Peltola, Timo; Halme, Janne; Asghar, Muhammad Imran; Aitola, Kerttu; Toivola, Minna; Lund, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.06.004

Cited by 187 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Table 6 lists cost breakdown of materials, manufacturing processes, labor, capital investments, and other overhead cost for flexible vs. rigid PSCs according to the references. 54,[204][205][206][207] The cost of electrical support system and site preparation is typically equal to module cost per W P of PVs (1 : 1). 208 A major share (40-50%) of the total manufacturing cost of PSCs arises from their passive components (sealants, packaging and electrical interconnections).…”

Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress, challenges and perspectives in flexible perovskite solar cells

Giacomo

Fakharuddin

Jose

et al. 2016

Energy Environ. Sci.

362

257

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a Perovskite solar cells have attracted enormous interest since their discovery only a few years ago because they are able to combine the benefits of high efficiency and remarkable ease of processing over large areas. Whereas most of research has been carried out on glass, perovskite deposition and synthesis is carried out at low temperatures (o150 1C) to convert precursors into its final semiconducting form. Thus, developing the technology on flexible substrates can be considered a suitable and exciting arena both from the manufacturing view point (e.g. web processing, low embodied energy manufacturing) and that of the applications (e.g. flexible, lightweight, portable, easy to integrate over both small, large and curved surfaces). Research has been accelerating on flexible PSCs and has achieved notable milestones including PCEs of 15.6% on laboratory cells, the first modules being manufactured, ultralight cells with record power per gram ratios, and even cells made on fibres.Reviewing the literature, it becomes apparent that more work can be carried out in closing the efficiency gap with glass based counterparts especially at the large-area module level and, in particular, investigating and improving the lifetime of these devices which are built on inherently permeable plastic films. Here we review and provide a perspective on the issues pertaining progress in materials, processes, devices, industrialization and costs of flexible perovskite solar cells. Broader contextFor a number of years, solar cells had been considered as an inferior energy technology due to high cost -even in the renewable energy paradigm; however, more recently progress in materials processing and engineering of highly efficient and stable solar panels have helped them emerge as a frontline renewable energy technology with energy payback time that has been lowered from over a decade to a couple of years (at least in some parts of the world) during the last ten years. Commercial solar panels are typically manufactured on rigid platforms. Fabricating them on flexible substrates, such as transparent plastics and metallic foils, would enable effective harvesting of energy in a number of diverse areas from indoor electronics to automobiles and from building integrated photovoltaics to portable applications. Furthermore, it would open up web-based roll-to-roll fabrication conducive to massive throughputs. Solution processable perovskite solar cells offer promising opportunities towards this end. Being these cells the most efficient among the solution processable ones, with efficiency in their laboratory scale devices on par with the commercially available silicon and thin film counterparts, significant recent efforts devoted to their manufacturing on flexible substrates have seen efficiencies rise as high as 15.6% together with moderate stability. We approach the developments in this area by critically analyzing the factors affecting the final performance indicators such as efficiency, stability, and functionality and relate these to its proces...

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Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress, challenges and perspectives in flexible perovskite solar cells

Giacomo

Fakharuddin

Jose

et al. 2016

Energy Environ. Sci.

362

257

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In solid-state DSSCs (ss-DSSCs), the liquid electrolyte is entirely replaced by a solid organic hole transport material (HTM). For the solid-state version (ss-DSSC), PCEs > 20% have been predicted, 57 using low-cost materials, 58 low temperature processing (< 150°C), and reel-to-reel fabrication methods. 59,60 Organic (molecular and polymeric) solar cells represent another and different category in the class of emerging PVs.…”

Section: Organic and Hybrid Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of photonics in energy

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In celebration of the 2015 International Year of Light, we highlight major breakthroughs in photonics for energy conversion and conservation. The section on energy conversion discusses the role of light in solar light harvesting for electrical and thermal power generation; chemical energy conversion and fuel generation; as well as photonic sensors for energy applications. The section on energy conservation focuses on solid-state lighting, flat-panel displays, and optical communications and interconnects.

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“…The nanoparticles can also be fabricated using methods such as molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, and atomic layer deposition, which normally require a vacuum environment which is expensive, complex, and with low throughput [386]. For low-cost commercialization, the ideal fabrication process for solar cells needs to be solution-based deposition with low processing temperature and short processing times, on flexible, light, and cheap substrate, and capable for scale-up in roll-to-roll speedy mass production [133,138,450]. The current challenge is how to produce robust device with improved stability and lifetime in scalable fabrication [138].…”

Section: Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nanoparticles in Manufacturing

Hu¹,

Tuck²,

Wildman³

et al. 2015

Handbook of Nanoparticles

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With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, manufacturing is undergoing revolutionary changes. Nanoparticles, due to their novel and often enhanced properties, are now more and more used in manufacturing. In this chapter, the state-of-the-art application of nanoparticles in manufacturing is reviewed. The contents include five parts: (a) role of nanoparticles in manufacturing, (b) manufacturing methods, (c) applications, (d) challenges, and (e) conclusions. The roles of nanoparticles are divided into three categories: (i) building blocks, being the major component of a manufactured product by solid-state or colloidal nanoparticle consolidation; (ii) functional filler, as an addition for functionality, such as property improver, catalyst, stimuli-responsive, sensing, imaging, and carrier; and (iii) nanocomposites for multifunctionality. Various manufacturing methods and novel trends are summarized in this chapter, including top-down and bottom-up, from 2D to 3D, from cleanroom to desktop, 3D printing, and bio-assisted methods, such as DNA origami. Direct applications in areas of flexible electronics, molecular electronics, solar cells, construction industry, water treatment, and biomedical devices are presented. The associated challenges including nanoparticle safety issue, sustainable manufacturing, economic issue, and scale-up are discussed. Role of Nanoparticles in ManufacturingWith the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, manufacturing is undergoing revolutionary changes. Nanoparticles, due to their novel and often enhanced properties, have more and more been used in various manufacturing applications. Their role can generally be divided into three categories: (a) building blocks, (b) functional filler, and (c) nanocomposites for multifunctionality, which is summarized in Table 1. Building BlockNanoparticles sometimes act like the bricks in a house-building process to be the main component of a manufactured product. They can be consolidated via solid-and liquid-based methods. Solid-State Nanoparticle ConsolidationSolid-state metallic, ceramic, amorphous, and compound particles can be thermomechanically processed to form bulk 2D/3D structures with desired strength and level of densification (even full densification is possible). Reported methods include powder compact forging/extrusion, equal channel angular extrusion/ pressing, and hot pressing/sinter forging combined with conventional heating, laser sintering, microwave sintering, electric discharge sintering, or spark plasma sintering [33,255,278,306,425,426,476,492]. Particles with a narrow size distribution and spherical shape are desired to achieve low pore-to-

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Review of materials and manufacturing options for large area flexible dye solar cells

Cited by 187 publications

References 170 publications

Progress, challenges and perspectives in flexible perovskite solar cells

Progress, challenges and perspectives in flexible perovskite solar cells

The role of photonics in energy

Application of Nanoparticles in Manufacturing

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