Review—Functional Platforms for (Bio)sensing: Thiophene-Pyrrole Hybrid Polymers

Abstract

The synthesis of thiophene-pyrrole hybrid polymers has become of increased interest due to their potential in a wide range of applications, from optoelectronics to biodevices. While the extended application of these materials in optoelectronics or photovoltaics has been previously addressed, a comprehensive account on their potential for application in sensorics has not been reported so far. The main advantages derived from their application are related to facility in synthesis and stable electrochemical behavior with the added benefit of tailor-made functionality. As it has become clear that the ultimate goal in electrochemical sensing is the preparation of a conducting platform that not only exhibits satisfactory conductivity but also contains functional groups that are able to connect to the desired bio-element, the hybrid polymers appear very promising. Preparation of conducting platforms with tailored functionality such as poly(2,5-di(thienyl)pyrrole)s and poly(dithieno(3,2-b:2′,3′-d)pyrroles)s represents an excellent opportunity for achieving stable immobilization and maintaining adequate orientation of biomolecules, whilst improving the electron transfer, resulting in highly sensitive and stable biosensors. The current review briefly addresses the synthesis of hybrid thiophene-pyrrole molecules detailing several approaches and, subsequently, focuses on their application as polymeric bioimmobilization platforms for electrochemical detection of relevant bio-analytes, bio-receptors or DNA hybridization events.

Electrochromic properties of pyrene conductive polymers modified by chemical polymerization

“…This paper introduces different conductive groups to pyrene to improve its electrochromic properties. In regard to the use of Suzuki coupling and Stille coupling, the polymerization of 1,6dibromopyrene with triphenylamine, thiophene, thiophene derivatives and EDOT form ve conductive polymers of polyimides 37 and polythiophenes, 38,39 and the ve conjugated conductive polymers are named poly(2-(pyren-1-yl)thiophene) (PPYTP), poly(5…”

Electrodeposited Copolymers Based on 9,9′-(5-Bromo-1,3-phenylene)biscarbazole and Dithiophene Derivatives for High-Performance Electrochromic Devices

“…Organic, conjugated polymers belong to organic electrochromic materials. Polyimides [ 26 ], polycarbazoles [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], polythiophenes [ 30 , 31 ], polyindoles [ 32 , 33 ], poly(dioxythiophene)s [ 34 , 35 ], polytriphenylamines [ 36 , 37 ], and polythiadiazoles [ 38 ] are the main organic conjugated polymers used in several organic ECDs. Among them, polycarbazoles have attracted increased attention owing to their conspicuous absorption in the UV–Vis zone, good photo- and electroactive properties, and high hole-transporting ability.…”

High stability resistive switching mechanism of a screen-printed electrode based on BOBZBT2 organic pentamer for creatinine detection

“…SOM has unique physical and chemical properties, low cost and are more environmentally friendly and has seen an increase in interest to be incorporated into the RS devices 18 – 21 . The branching of dioctyloxy-substituents on phenylene moiety improves the solubility of BOBzBT 2 apart from preventing self-aggregation among intermolecular structures of the pentamer 22 . Furthermore, the elongation of π-conjugation backbone with additional benzo[b]thiophene rings on BOBzBT 2 compound accelerates the formation of radical cations thus, increasing the rate of interaction with the creatinine molecules.…”