This report highlights the synthesis of only the second green polymer in the literature, which possesses superior properties over the first: a highly transmissive light blue color in the oxidized state with high optical contrast and excellent switching properties.

This review provides a comprehensive assessment of recent progress in polypyrrole derivatives which are specially designed for electrochromic applications.

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Two new monomers, 2-benzyl-5,12-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[3 0 ,4 0 :2,3][1,4]dioxocino [6,7-b]quinoxaline (DPOQ) and 5,12-dihydrothieno[3 0 ,4 0 :2,3][1,4]dithiocino[6,7-b]quinoxaline (DTTQ), were synthesized. The chemical structures of the monomers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and mass spectra. Copolymer of DPOQ with bithiophene (BT) was synthesized via potentiostatic electrochemical polymerization in acetonitrile-tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate solventelectrolyte couple. For DTTQ, copolymerization with bithiophene was achieved via potentiodynamic method in dichloromethane-tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate solvent-electrolyte couple. Characterizations of the resulting copolymers were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Four-probe technique was used to measure the conductivities of the samples. Moreover, the spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic properties of the copolymer films were investigated. In addition, dual type polymer electrochromic devices based on P(DPOQ-co-BT) and P(DTTQ-co-BT) with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) were constructed. Spectroelectrochemistry, electrochromic switching and open circuit stability of the devices were studied. They were found to have good switching times, reasonable contrasts and optical memories.

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Here we present a simple, low cost approach for the production of PEDOT nanofiber biosensors using simple techniques. Firstly, nanofibers of PEDOT were produced by the chemical vapor polymerization of EDOT on FeCl 3 containing electrospun PAN nanofiber mats. The nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FTIR, CV and conductivity studies, which indicated the formation of homogeneous, porous, electroactive PEDOT nanofibers. The fabrication of biosensors was achieved through the loading of various amounts of GOx on the nanofibers. To uncover their capability, the biosensors were operated under both hydrogen peroxide production and oxygen consumption conditions. For each biosensor current response versus glucose concentration calibration curves were plotted. The sensitivity, linear range, LOD, K m and I max values of the biosensors were determined and the stabilities of all the sensors were investigated. The biosensor operating at 0.6 V revealed a lower LOD with a wider linear range, higher stability, good sensitivity and selectivity. For example, the PEDOT-NFs/GOx-3 nanofiber biosensor showed good sensitivity (74.22 mA mM À1 cm À2 ) and LOD (2.9 mM) with a response time of 2-3 s without any interference effects. The PEDOT-NFs/GOx-2 biosensor operating at À0.6 V exhibited extreme sensitivity of 272.58 mA mM À1 cm À2. Our studies have shown that having good sensitivity, LOD and stability makes these interference-free, easy to construct sensors viable candidates for commercialization.

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