REVIEW: Biology and Conservation of Genus Myristica in Indonesia

Arrijani, Arrijani

doi:10.13057/biodiv/d060216

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Sumberdaya genetik pala yang besar, termasuk Pala Banda ditemukan terutama di Kepulauan Maluku, Maluku Utara, Siau, serta Papua (Arrijani 2005;Anandararaj et al 2005;Peter 2001). Pala Banda yang telah menyebar di berbagai daerah diperkirakan berasal dari Maluku, yang kemudian beradaptasi dengan kondisi lingkungan setempat.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

The Relationship of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Tidore, Ternate and Bogor Based on Morphological Marker

Arlianti

Wirnas²,

Sobir³

et al. 2020

bul. littro

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Banda Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), is one of Indonesia's main spices commodities. Maluku Island, North Maluku, Siau, and Papua are the center of origins and center of nutmeg diversity; whereas, Bogor is the largest nutmeg cultivation area in West Java. The diversity and relationship between Bogor nutmeg with Maluku nutmeg have not been studied, even though it is crucial for local varieties selection and seeds provision. The study aimed to determine the diversity and relationship of nutmegs from Tidore, Ternate, and Bogor. The experiment was conducted in eight locations: Tidore (Gurabunga and Jaya), Ternate (Marikurubu), and Bogor (Cigombong, Ciawi, Leuwisadeng, Sukajadi, and Tamansari) from November 2017 - December 2018. Materials used were 46 nutmeg accessions of 8 – 30 year old plants with good growth and known of their origin. The experiments were performed using direct observation methods on habitus, leaf, fruit, seed, mace, and flower followed IPGRI descriptor. The results showed that qualitative diversity was observed in the fruit shape, shape of fruit-based and fruit-tip, fruit color, and tree shape. Mace thickness was the most substantial diversity for the quantitative character (50.38 %). The difference within intra-population in all aspects observed was low, except for the fruit character and mace weight. The genetic relatedness of the Bogor population was closer to Ternate (60 %) than Tidore (46 %). The genetic relationship amongst five Bogor populations found to be very close. Further, Leuwisadeng, Tamansari, and Sukajadi populations were found to have the highest genetic relationship and similarity (80 %).

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

The Relationship of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Tidore, Ternate and Bogor Based on Morphological Marker

Arlianti

Wirnas²,

Sobir³

et al. 2020

bul. littro

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“…Tanaman rempah asal Pulau Banda di Kepulauan Maluku ini telah terkenal mendunia selama berabad-abad karena memiliki sumber daya genetik terbesar selain Siau, Sangihe, Ternate, Ambon, Sulawesi Utara, dan Papua (Hadad, 1992;Arrijani, 2005;Dinar et al, Balitro, 2015). Pala mengandung senyawa-senyawa umum (karbohidrat, protein, lemak struktural) dan mineral-mineral (kalium, potassium, magnesium dan fosfor), terutama minyak asiri yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi (Tainter dan Grenis, 1993;Al-Bataina et al, 2003).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Komponen Kimia Minyak Asiri Daging Buah Dan Fuli Berdasarkan Umur Buah Pala (Myristica Fragrans Houtt)

Liunokas¹,

Karwur

2020

JBT

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Abstrak: Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) sebagai bioreaktor hayati menghasilkan produk utama minyak asiri bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang tersebar pada bagian-bagian buahnya. Minyak asiri pala tersusun oleh kelompok besar terpenoid dan fenilpropanoid yang memiliki konsentrasi terkecil namun sebagai indikator mutu minyak pala. Penelitian tentang isolasi dan identifikasi komponen kimia minyak asiri daging buah dan fuli pala, telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium CARC UKSW Salatiga dan Laboratorium Terpadu UII Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen kimia minyak asiri daging buah dan fuli pala berdasarkan tahapan perkembangan buah dan isolasi miristisin sebagai indikator dari kualitas minyak pala. Minyak asiri diperoleh dengan metode ekstraksi kemudian di analisis komponennya menggunakan Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen kimia terbesar dari minyak asiri daging buah pala secara berturut-turut yaitu tahap pertama miristisin 36.05% pada retensi 11.57 menit, tahap kedua dan keempat α-pinen 39.16%; 34.64% retensi 3.53 menit, tahap ketiga sabinen 33.88% pada retensi 3.99 menit. Sedangkan pada minyak fuli tahap pertama hingga keempat yaitu sabinen 38.72%; 37.51%; 36.24%; 28.93% pada waktu retensi 3.99. Berdasarkan analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa komponen senyawa yang dominan pada daging buah dan fuli yaitu miristisin, sabinen, α-pinen, β-pinen yang berkontribusi bagi aroma khas pada pala. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber informasi penting dalam menghasilkan minyak asiri dengan kualitas baik dengan kandungan miristisin terbanyak.Kata Kunci : M. fragrans Houtt; isolasi; daging buah, fuli, minyak asiriAbstract: Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) as a natural bioreactor produces the main product that is aetheric oil with a high economic value which is scattered on the parts of the fruit. Aetheric oil consists of a big group of terpenoid and phenylpropanoid which has the smallest concentration but functions as the indicator of nutmeg oil quality. The research about isolation and identification of chemical components of aetheric oil of pulp and mace has been conducted in CARC Laboratory of UKSW Salatiga and Integrated Laboratory of UII Yogyakarta. This current research aims at knowing the components of aetheric oil of nutmeg pulp and mace based on the development stages of the fruit and myristicin isolation as the indicator of the quality of nutmeg oil. Aetheric oil is formed by the extraction method. Then the components are analyzed by using Mass Spectrometry Gass Chromatography (GC-MS). The result of the research shows that respectively the biggest chemical component of aetheric oil consists of the first stage myristicin 36.05% on retention 11.57 minutes, second stage and fourth stage α-pinene 39.16%; 34.64% on retention 3.53 minutes, the third stage sabinene 33.88% on retention 3.99 minutes. Meanwhile on the mace oil, the first to the fourth stage is sabinene 38.72%; 37.51%; 36.24%; 28.93% on retention 3.99. Based on the analysis of GC-MS, it is shown that the most dominant compound components of pulp and mace are myristicin, sabinene, α-pinene, and β-pinene which contribute to the typical scent of nutmeg. The result of the research is expected to be used as an important information source in resulting in aetheric oil with good quality with the most myristicin content.Keywords: Myristica fragrans Houtt; isolation; pulp, mace, aetheric oil

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“…The hindrance often faced in the development of the Myristica group according to Arrijani (2005) is that this nutmeg plant or arillus flower is very thick. This may cause the seeds are shrinking that may have an impact on germination restrictions.…”

Section: Conservation Status Of Myristicaceae Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tree families often found in the lowlands in New Guinea island are Podocarpaceae, Fagaceae, Moraceae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Combretaceae, Sapotaceae, Elaecarpaceae, Annonaceae, Clusiaceae, Rubiaceae and Myristicaceae (Oatham and Beehler 1997). The distribution of the Myristicaceae family is from India, the Melanesia region, Indonesia, North Australia and Fiji in the East Pacific region, where 175 species were identified (Arrijani, 2005). Heyne (1987) states that there are 9 types of Myristicaceae found in Indonesia including Myristica argentea Warb (Irianjaya/Papua), M. fatua Hoult (Maluku), M. fragrans Hoult (Maluku), M. iners Bl (Sumatra), M. littoralis Miq (Java/Sunda), M. Schefferi Warb (Maluku), M. Speciosa Warb (Maluku), M. succedanea Bl (Maluku), and M. tesmannii Miq (Java / Sunda).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Growing Sites of Myristicaceae in Momiwaren Protected Forest Area, South Manokwari – West Papua, Indonesia

2020

jcr

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The family of Myristicaceae is a lowland tropical forest vegetation that has a beneficial value. However, in line with the land conversion that is currently occuring, information about the characteristics of growing sites of this type of becomes important. The technique used in this study was a continuous strip sampling method for vegetation analysis at the sapling and seedling levels using the line plot systematic sampling method with nesting plots at an area of 50 Ha in the Momiwaren protected forest, as well as describing the ecophysiographic characteristics of the growing sites of Myristicaceae. The results showed that there were five types of Myristica, namely M. Argentea Warb, M. Fatua subsp fatua, M. tubiflora. Bl, M. pseudoargentea and M. gigantea King with the highest INV level in the tree phase for the M. Fatua subsp fatua species. This species has been included in the IUCN list. Myristicaceae live in clusters were found in flat and sloping areas, in the soil type of Inceptisol which had been formed from ultra wet metamorphic rocks, with temperatures between 10 0 C and 38 0 C.

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REVIEW: Biology and Conservation of Genus Myristica in Indonesia

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

The Relationship of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Tidore, Ternate and Bogor Based on Morphological Marker

The Relationship of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Tidore, Ternate and Bogor Based on Morphological Marker

Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Komponen Kimia Minyak Asiri Daging Buah Dan Fuli Berdasarkan Umur Buah Pala (Myristica Fragrans Houtt)

The Characteristics of Growing Sites of Myristicaceae in Momiwaren Protected Forest Area, South Manokwari – West Papua, Indonesia

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