Review and meta-analysis on vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and cancer risk

Abstract

It was suggested that vitamin D levels influence cancer development. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a crucial mediator for the cellular effects of vitamin D. Results from previous studies on the association of VDR polymorphisms with different cancer types are somewhat contradictory, and the role of VDR in the etiology of cancer is still equivocal. We therefore performed a meta-analysis on the association between the two most studied VDR polymorphisms (FokI and BsmI) and any cancer site. Up to January 2009, we identified 67 independent studies. We used random-effects models to provide summary odds ratio (SOR) for VDR polymorphisms and cancer. We tested homogeneity of effects across studies and publication bias and explored between-study heterogeneity. When comparing FokI ff with FF carriers, we found a significant increase in skin cancer [SOR; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.30; 1.04-1.61] and breast cancer (SOR; 95%CI: 1.14; 1.03-1.27) risk. For the same genotype comparison, we found a significantly higher risk of cancer when we pooled estimates from cancer sites possibly associated with vitamin D levels (prostate, breast, skin, ovary, nonHodgkin lymphoma and colorectal). A significant reduction in prostate cancer risk was observed for carriers of BsmI Bb compared with bb genotype (SOR; 95%CI: 0.83; 0.69-0.99). In Caucasian populations, both Bb and BB carriers had a significant reduced risk of cancer at any site. In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that VDR FokI and BsmI polymorphisms might modulate the risk of cancer of breast, skin and prostate and possibly affect cancer risk at any site in Caucasians.

Recent advances in understanding the role of diet and obesity in the development of colorectal cancer

“…This is most likely to be associated with the Ca content of these foods. Higher serum levels of both Ca and vitamin D are associated with reduced CRC risk (90)(91)(92)(93) , although it is not necessarily the case that they act together, as is found in relation to bone health. The WCRF 2007 report (9) described a significantly reduced CC risk associated with Ca intake (RR = 0 .…”

Association between Circulating Vitamin D, the Taq1 Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Colorectal Cancer Risk among Jordanians

“…VDR is encoded by the vitamin receptor gene that is located on chromosome 12q12-q14 (Raimondi et al, 2009). It is quite large gene about 75 kb (Uitterlinden et al, 2004) of 14 exons (Jehan et al, 2007), that regulates the expression of about 500 genes in the human genome (Carlberg, 2003), in almost all body tissues, mainly in metabolic tissues, such as intestine, kidney, skin and thyroid gland (Carlberg and Seuter, 2009).…”

“…VDR gene polymorphisms is associated with increased susceptibility to cancer, including colorectal cancer (Raimondi et al, 2009). Taq1 VDR gene polymorphism (Taq1, rs731236) resulted in T-to-C substitution at codon 352 within exon 9 (Kostner et al, 2009).…”

Do VDR Gene Polymorphisms Contribute to Breast Cancer?

“…VDR Receptors in Mammary Glands: The calcitriol receptor also known as vitamin D receptor (VDR) is an intracellular hormone receptor, and a member of the nuclear class II receptor family of broadly known two groups and peculiarly binds to biologically effective form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (Raimondi et al, 2009). One family comprises of the estrogen, androgen, progesterone and mineralocorticoid receptors, while the other has thyroid (THR), vitamin D (VDR), retinoic acid (RAR), peroxisome proliferator-activated, and retinoid X receptors (RXR) (Ditsch et al, 2012).…”

“…The VDR was discovered in 1969 (Norman, 2008). Discovery of VDR expression in diverse normal human tissues cells has widened the perceived scope of the vitamin D. Vitamin D endocrine system is involved in several processes besides bone formation, like innate immunity, apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and mediates the anticancer activities of vitamin D via the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) (Raimondi et al, 2009).…”