Reversal learning and the formation of learning sets by cats and rhesus monkeys.

Jm, Warren

doi:10.1037/h0023269

Cited by 93 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Comparison of the results of the present study with those of Schrier (1966) and of Warren (1966) thus suggests the possibility that if one were to give two groups of monkeys an equivalent amount of serial reversal training and then test for extradimensional transfer, he would observe positive transfer in animals tested on learning set problems but not in monkeys tested on repeated reversals of a discrimination between cues in another stimulusdimension. This is a paradoxical conclusion for two reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Yet these monkeys were significantly superior to naive controls in subsequent performance on a series of multiple learning set problems. Warren (1966) trained 10 rhesus monkeys on 60 reversals under conditions that were very similar to those under which the present SR and VR groups were tested in Task 1. The performance of the present Ss and of Warren's earlier group was almost identical on both the TRiALS TRIALS TRIALS visual and spatial tasks over Reversals 1-15,and the 1966 group showed little or no improvement in reversal performance over Reversals 16-60.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even monkeys pretrained on repeated reversals of a spatial discrimination with irrelevant visual cues surpass naive Ss in performance on multiple object discrimination problems with visual cues relevant and spatial cues irrelevant (Warren, 1966). Several sorts of evidence suggest that monkeys develop generalized "win-stay, lose-shift" strategies during repeated reversal training which facilitate subsequent multiple problem learning, even if the second task involves a shift in the relevance of specific stimulus dimensions (Bessemer & Stollnitz, 1971).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Neither sort of pretraining had a significant effect on reversal learning on the second cue. These results indicate that monkeys' capacity to develop generalized "win-stay, lose-shift" hypotheses may have been exaggerated in previous experiments.Chimpanzees (Schustennan, 1964) and macaque monkeys (Schrier, 1966;Warren, 1966) trained on repeated reversals of a single discrimination habit form visual discrimination learning sets more rapidly than do naive controls tested on the learning set problems without prior training. Even monkeys pretrained on repeated reversals of a spatial discrimination with irrelevant visual cues surpass naive Ss in performance on multiple object discrimination problems with visual cues relevant and spatial cues irrelevant (Warren, 1966).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pretraining and discrimination reversal learning by rhesus monkeys

Warren

1973

Animal Learning and Behavior

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Groups of five to seven macaques were trained on repeated reversals of a visual (or spatial) discrimination habit after no pretraining, extended discrimination training, or repeated reversal training on spatial (or visual) cues. Neither sort of pretraining had a significant effect on reversal learning on the second cue. These results indicate that monkeys' capacity to develop generalized "win-stay, lose-shift" hypotheses may have been exaggerated in previous experiments.Chimpanzees (Schustennan, 1964) and macaque monkeys (Schrier, 1966;Warren, 1966) trained on repeated reversals of a single discrimination habit form visual discrimination learning sets more rapidly than do naive controls tested on the learning set problems without prior training. Even monkeys pretrained on repeated reversals of a spatial discrimination with irrelevant visual cues surpass naive Ss in performance on multiple object discrimination problems with visual cues relevant and spatial cues irrelevant (Warren, 1966). Several sorts of evidence suggest that monkeys develop generalized "win-stay, lose-shift" strategies during repeated reversal training which facilitate subsequent multiple problem learning, even if the second task involves a shift in the relevance of specific stimulus dimensions (Bessemer & Stollnitz, 1971). Ricciardi and Treichler (1970) have shown, however. that groups of squirrel monkeys trained on 60 reversals of a single visual discrimination or for an equivalent number of trials on a single visual discrimination without reversals did not differ significantly in learning a series of visual learning set problems. Their findings imply that much of the facilitation in learning set formation seen in Ss pretrained on serial reversal tasks may not depend upon the transfer of any general strategy, but upon the acquisition of performance skills or supporting habits resulting from familiarization with the testing situation.The present experiment was designed to test, with controls for familiarization with the experimental situation, the hypothesis that monkeys trained on repeated reversals develop response strategies that will facilitate extradimensional transfer of reversal learning sets. Two groups of monkeys were initially trained on serial reversals of a visual discrimination with spatial cues irrelevant or on serial reversals of a spatial discrimination with visual cues irrelevant. These groups were then tested for transfer on a. second series of repeated reversals with the original relevance of visual and spatial cues reversed. Two additional groups were tested for an

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Pretraining and discrimination reversal learning by rhesus monkeys

Warren

1973

Animal Learning and Behavior

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“…Acquisition of learning set has been extensively investigated in a variety of vertebrates including primates (Harlow, 1949;Hayes, Thompson , & Hayes, 1953;Miles, 1957;Schrier, 1974;Schusterman , 1962;Warren, 1966), cats (Doty, Jones, & Doty, 1967;Warren & Baron, 1956), mink (Doty et aI., 1967), skunks (Doty et aI., 1967), birds (Hunter & Kamil, 1971 ;Kamil & Hunter, 1970;Kamil & Mauldin , 1975), ferrets (Doty et aI., 1967), and dolphins (Beach & Herman, 1972). Although rats perform poorly in learning set tasks when visual discriminanda are used , research utilizing olfactory discriminanda shows that rats easily and quickly acquire learning sets (Bailey & Thomas, 1998, 2001Slotnick, 1984;Slotnick, Hanford, & Hodos, 2000;Slotnick & Katz, 1974;Slotnick, Kufera, & Silberberg , 1991;Thomas & Noble, 1988).…”

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Long-Term Retention of Olfactory Discrimination Learning Set in Rats

Bailey

2006

Psychol Rec

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Six male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to examine the long-term retention of an olfactory discrimination learning set. Rats were trained on 30 odor-unique, 5-trial discrimination problems, transferred to an olfactory discrimination reversal task, and then given a 6-week break in training. The rats demonstrated use of a learning set by performing significantly bettE3r than expected by chance on Trial 2 on both the olfactory discrimination problems and the olfactory discrimination reversal problems. Following the 6-week break in training, retention of learning set was tested using 20 new odor-unique discrimination problems. The rats again performed significantly better than expected by chance on Trial 2 in the retention test indicating they had retained the learning set.

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Learning set formation in a group of Guinea baboons (Papio papio): Importance of the behavioral variable measured

Lepoivre

Pallaud

1986

American J Primatol

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A recent report of one-trial learning in a group of saddle-back tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis) conflicted with views of learning set formation based on traditional techniques employing isolated subjects. An experiment is reported in which a group of Guinea baboons (Papio papio) was given a series of discrimination and habit reversal tasks. Both one-trial learning and learning set formation occurred. Analysis of spatial behavior revealed that the group learned in a single trial to discriminate stocked from unstocked zones. Improvement in successes (reinforced "digging") was progressive but not rapid, indicating learning set formation. It appears that outcomes depend on the behavioral variables chosen.

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Reversal learning and the formation of learning sets by cats and rhesus monkeys.

Cited by 93 publications

References 13 publications

Pretraining and discrimination reversal learning by rhesus monkeys

Pretraining and discrimination reversal learning by rhesus monkeys

Long-Term Retention of Olfactory Discrimination Learning Set in Rats

Learning set formation in a group of Guinea baboons (Papio papio): Importance of the behavioral variable measured

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