2016
DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02291j
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Revealing instability and irreversibility in nonaqueous sodium–O2 battery chemistry

Abstract: Charging kinetics and reversibility of Na-O2 batteries can be influenced greatly by the particle size of NaO2 formed upon discharge, and exposure time (reactivity) of NaO2 to the electrolyte. Micrometer-sized NaO2 cubes formed at high discharge rates were charged at smaller overpotentials compared to nanometer-sized counterparts formed at low rates.

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Cited by 51 publications
(72 citation statements)
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“…The different formation pathways might generate different forms of the products. In addition, Sayed et al argue that the peak at 1141 cm −1 might come from the Na 2 O 2 or the CH 3 O and CO groups . It is likely that during the aging of NaO 2 , it reacts with the electrolyte to form side products.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The different formation pathways might generate different forms of the products. In addition, Sayed et al argue that the peak at 1141 cm −1 might come from the Na 2 O 2 or the CH 3 O and CO groups . It is likely that during the aging of NaO 2 , it reacts with the electrolyte to form side products.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The presence of NaOH is always paired with Na 2 O 2 ⋅ 2H 2 O, probably due to the side reaction between NaO 2 and water, or due to the conversion of Na 2 O 2 ⋅ 2H 2 O into NaOH upon charge by the equation of Na 2 O 2 ⋅ 2H 2 O→2NaOH+H 2 O 2 . Na 2 CO 3 is now widely recognized as the principal discharge product along with Na 2 O 2 in carbonate‐based electrolyte because of the instability of carbonate solvent towards superoxide radicals …”
Section: Challenges At the Cathodesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…NaOH can be further oxidized with plateaus at 2.7 and 3.1 V vs. Na/Na + , depending on the state of NaOH . Na 2 O 2 ⋅ 2H 2 O can also be converted into NaOH . So, the plateau at ∼2.8 V can be attributed to oxidation of NaOH.…”
Section: Challenges At the Cathodesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 % des erwarteten NaO 2 fehlen und durch Nebenprodukte wie Na 2 CO 3 , Natriumacetat und Natriumformiat ersetzt sind. Während der darauffolgenden Lagerung und Ladung bilden sich mehr dieser Nebenprodukte, und das e − /O 2 ‐Verhältnis weicht typischerweise einige Prozent von eins ab . Auch wenn weniger Nebenprodukte gebildet werden als in einer Li‐O 2 ‐Zelle, ist die Zyklenstabilität ähnlich schlecht: Beschränkte Kapazitäten können bis zu einigen hundert Zyklen aufrechterhalten werden, doch dies geht zulasten der wahren Energie.…”
Section: Figureunclassified
“…aufzulösen. Mehrere Studien haben die Instabilität von NaO 2 während längerer Lagerung gezeigt . Obwohl sich die Details unterscheiden, zeigen sie im Allgemeinen eine allmähliche Umwandlung von NaO 2 zu Na 2 O 2 ⋅H 2 O. Gleichzeitig zersetzt sich der Elektrolyt, und es bilden sich NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 und organische Verbindungen einschließlich Natriumformiat und ‐acetat.…”
Section: Figureunclassified