Reusing Waste Ceramic and Waste Sanitary Ware in Concrete as Pozzolans with Nano-Silica and Metakaolin

Abstract

Concrete is one of the environmental pollutants. Cement as a main part of the concrete is one of the largest greenhouse emitters. So, searching for a solution to reduce negative environmental impacts of concrete production can be valuable (Pacheco-Pacheco-Torgal, 2014). Ceramic tile and sanitary ware are among the most commonly used materials in construction. World production of ceramic tiles in 2016 was about 13 billion square meters . The amount of waste in the different production stages of the ceramic industry ranges from 3 to 7 percent of daily production (Meyer, 2009). The nature of construction industry, especially the concrete industry, is such that ceramic wastes can be used safely with no need for dramatic change in production and application process. On one hand, the cost of deposition of ceramic waste in landfill will be saved and, on the other, raw materials and natural resources will be replaced, thus saving energy and protecting the environment.

Mechanical Properties and Durability of Sustainable Concrete Manufactured Using Ceramic Waste: A Review

“…It was observed that the compressive strength of concrete containing CWP at older ages of curing (56 d and 91 d) was similar to that of the control sample [20,66]. This was probably due to pozzolanic reaction of CWP and increase in C-S-H gels at older curing age [17]. However, the Figure 5: Influence of fly ash content on slump of ceramic waste aggregate concrete.…”

“…Shi et al [15] reported a similar development trend in compressive strength. According to Heidari et al [17], the appropriate nano-silica and metakaolin used in concrete with CWP were beneficial to compressive strength development. Nano-silica improved the concrete strength at early ages owing to its high surface energy and high activity of atoms at the surface, while metakaolin's positive influence on strength was found at older ages.…”

“…Figure 24: Water absorption of concrete with ceramic powder at 90 days. Adapted with permission from reference [16], Copyright © 2020, KISTI., reference [17], Copyright © 2019, UTHM Publisher Typically, if ceramics are used as substitutes for fine aggregate, the water absorption of concrete increased. This was mainly due to the high water absorption of the ceramic aggregates.…”

“…In addition, the influence of ceramic waste type on performance of concrete was investigated. These results suggested that the compressive strength of concrete containing ceramic waste powder of sanitary ware was higher than that of concrete containing ceramic tile waste powder, because the pozzolanic activity of ceramic sanitary ware waste powders was better than that of ceramic tile waste powders [17]. The use of mineral admixtures to improve the properties of ceramic powder concrete is also extremely effective.…”

Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash from Power Co-generation Boilers as a Supplementary Cementitious Material

“…This strength reduction could be an indicator that this SCBA did not contribute to strength gain. The significant reduction in compressive strength can be partly attributed to early age testing since pozzolanic reactions in pozzolans of silica and free Calcium oxide is reported absent at early curing and occur at long periods of curing (Heidari et al, 2019). Therefore, no significant reaction took place between silica from SCBA and calcium hydroxide from cement hence strength reduction (Praveenkumar and Sankarasubramanian, 2019).…”