Retrograde State Dependent Learning

Chute, Douglas L.; Wright, Dennis C.

doi:10.1126/science.180.4088.878

Cited by 75 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…At the same time, the former two groups as well as the latter two displayed comparable overall response rates during extinction. These results can be interpreted in terms of a symmetrical retrograde state dependency resembling that discussed by Chute and Wright (1973) for a one-trial passive avoidance task in which rats received sodium pentobarbital intravenously following response acquisition. Their data supported the hypothesis that for transfer of training from acquisition to the retention test to be possible, information storage following acquisition trials and information retrieval during retention trials must occur under equivalent central nervous system states.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone on appetitive discrimination performance in rats

Stoller

1993

Psychobiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone on appetitive discrimination performance in rats

Stoller

1993

Psychobiology

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“…Although I may have subscribed to a notion of state effects on memory (e.g. Chute and Wright 1973), there are many psychologists who might believe this to be a "pharmacological curiosity," and that Dismukes has found a physiological substrate as an "answer" where unfortunately there is no "question." Dismukes correctly points out the potential importance to animal behaviour and psychiatric disorders of work on transmitters and peptides.…”

Section: By W* Dale Branton and Eari Hayerimentioning

confidence: 99%

New concepts of molecular communication among neurons

Dismukes

1979

Behav Brain Sci

150

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Recently a number of complex electrophysiological responses to neurotransmitters have been observed that cannot be described as simple excitation or inhibition. These responses are often characterized as modulatory, although there is no consensus on what defines modulation. Morphological studies reveal certain neurotransmitters stored in what might be release sites without synaptic contact. There is no direct evidence for nonsynaptic release from CNS sites, although such release does occur in the periphery and in invertebrates. Nonsynaptic release might provide a basis for diffuse one-cell-to-many communication, but it might also simply be a means of sending the transmitter to a broader area of a single neuron than occurs in typical synapses. Several kinds of macromolecules have been found to be transported in a retrograde direction – and in some cases transsynaptically. There have been suggestions that some neurons may release more than one type of transmitter. Particularly intriguing is the possibility of release of substances that modulate actions of a primary transmitter. Taken together this range of evidence suggests that neurons may use a variety of forms of molecular communication in addition to traditionally described synaptic transmission.Several authors have suggested modes of communication distinct from classical synaptic transmission and have classified released substances using terms such as neurohumor, neurohormone, neuroregulator, and modulator. These suggestions have the heuristic value of drawing together diverse kinds of data, but it remains to be established that the pieces fit together in that fashion – for example, that complex electrophysiological effects are associated with substances released nonsynaptically. In order to reduce confusion, a flexible, generic approach to nomenclature for substances released from neurons and for hypothetical modes of communication is recommended. Some behavioral implications of nonconventional transmission are considered.

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“…Thus, there is little evidence that posttrial administration of pentobarbital, a traditional statedependent agent, influences memory retrieval, although administration of this drug prior to training readily produces a strong state-dependent retention effect (Overton, 1964(Overton, , 1978. It should be noted that a state-dependentlike effect has been reported when pentobarbital was administered following passive avoidance training (Chute & Wright, 1973), but that finding seems to be an isolated one. Given the delays over which retrograde amnesia can Copyright 1986 Psychonomic Society, Inc. be obtained (e.g., Riccio et al, 1968), and the relatively rapid onset of physiological changes produced by pentobarbital, it seems doubtful that these negative findings can be attributed to an unduly long functional interval between training and drug action.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

State-dependent retention induced by postacquisition exposure to pentobarbital or shock stress in rats

Richardson

Riccio

Steele

1986

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Although state-dependent retention (SDR) has been the focus of considerable research in recent years, there has been little work demonstrating this phenomenon when the treatment is administered after learning. In the present study, the effectiveness of two different treatments, pentobarbital and shock-induced stress, in producing postacquisition SDR in rats was examined.In all experiments, water-deprived rats were exposed to a novel flavor, apple juice, on each of 2 days. Subjects that remember their initial exposure to this substance should show an increase in consumption on their second exposure (i.e., an attenuation of neophobia). It was found that subjects exposed to pentobarbital (Experiment 1) or shock-induced stress (Experiment 2) immediately after their initial exposure did not increase their intake on the subsequent exposure unless they were reexposed to pentobarbital (Experiment 1) or shock-induced stress (Experiment 2b) shortly prior to that exposure. These results clearly show that this "attenuation of neophobia" paradigm can be used to investigate postacquisition SDR.

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Retrograde State Dependent Learning

Cited by 75 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone on appetitive discrimination performance in rats

Effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone on appetitive discrimination performance in rats

New concepts of molecular communication among neurons

State-dependent retention induced by postacquisition exposure to pentobarbital or shock stress in rats

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