Retrobulbar ocular blood flow and choroidal vascular changes in patients recovering from COVID-19 infection

Tüfek, Melek; Çapraz, Mustafa; Kaya, Ahmet; Aydin, Nihat; Nalcacioglu, Pinar

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102976

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In patients with COVID-19 infection, changes in retrobulbar blood flow parameters have been detected compared to age-and sex-matched healthy controls. Notably, PSV was significantly lower in the OA of patients with COVID-19 infection [120]. Due to the fact that COVID-19 infection is related to ocular vascular diseases, such as microvascular derangement or retinal vein occlusions [121], these findings indicate a possible predisposition of patients with COVID-19 to ocular vascular dysfunction.…”

Section: Clinical and Scientific Relevance Of CDI For Ocular And Card...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Measurement of Retrobulbar Blood Flow and Vascular Reactivity—Relevance for Ocular and Cardiovascular Diseases

Böhm,

Grauhan,

Pfeiffer

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Abnormal retrobulbar hemodynamics have been linked to the development of various ocular diseases, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Additionally, altered retrobulbar blood flow has been observed in patients with severe cardiovascular diseases, including carotid artery occlusion, stroke, heart failure, and acute coronary syndrome. Due to the complex and intricate anatomy of retrobulbar blood vessels and their location behind the eyeball, measurement of retrobulbar blood flow and vascular reactivity, as well as the interpretation of the findings, are challenging. Various methods, such as color Doppler imaging, computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance imaging, have been employed to assess retrobulbar blood flow velocities in vivo. Color Doppler imaging represents a fast and non-invasive method to measure retrobulbar blood flow velocities in vivo. While no information about vessel diameter can be gained performing this method, computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging provide information about vessel diameter and detailed information on the anatomical course. Additionally, ex vivo studies, such as myography, utilizing genetically modified animal models may provide high optical resolution for functional vascular investigations in these small vessels. To our best knowledge, this is the first review, presenting a detailed overview of methods aiming to evaluate retrobulbar blood flow and vascular reactivity in both humans and laboratory animals. Furthermore, we will summarize the disturbances observed in retrobulbar blood flow in retinal, optic nerve, and cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Clinical and Scientific Relevance Of CDI For Ocular And Card...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Measurement of Retrobulbar Blood Flow and Vascular Reactivity—Relevance for Ocular and Cardiovascular Diseases

Böhm,

Grauhan,

Pfeiffer

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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show abstract

“…There is currently no sign of an end to the epidemic, which has led to one of the deadliest events in the world. COVID-19 can affect the ocular vascular system in addition to many tissues [ 1 , 2 ]. Cell infection occurs due to the virus interacting with the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor [1] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of changes in retinal vascular parameters and choroidal vascular index values during the early recovery period of COVID-19: The COVID-OCTA study

Beyoğlu

Küçüködük

Meşen

et al. 2023

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy

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“…In a study conducted in the first month after COVID-19, it was reported that there was choroidal thickening and the macular layer did not change, whereas, in another study conducted 3 months after COVID-19, it was reported that the choroidal thickness was reduced in all measured areas and these changes were due to the developing inflammation. 12,13 These differences in results were attributed to differences in study designs, endpoints, number of patients included, differences in systemic disease between patients and controls, and differences in the severity of COVID-19 disease. Optic nerve head examination is another area of focus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of COVID-19 on Retinal and Choroidal Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography

Sümer

Subaşı

2023

Journal of Glaucoma

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The aim of our study was to evaluate the subclinical changes in the macula, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and choroidal thickness after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.Methods: Our study was prospectively designed and involved 170 eyes of 85 patients. Patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)positive COVID-19 infection were examined in the ophthalmology clinic before and after infection were included. All included patients had mild COVID-19 with no hospitalization and no need for intubation. Control ophthalmic examination was repeated at least 6 months after PCR positivity. Macular and choroidal thickness and RNFL parameters were compared before and at least 6 months after PCR-positive COVID-19 infection using optical coherence tomography.Results: When the mean macular thickness data were evaluated, a significant decrease was detected in the inner (mean difference, −3.37 µm; 95% CI: −6.09 to −0.65, P = 0.021) and outer (mean difference, −6.56 µm; 95% CI: −9.26 to −3.86, P < 0.001) temporal segments and the inner (mean difference, −3.39 µm; 95% CI: −5.46 to −1.32, P = 0.002) and outer (mean difference, −2.01 µm; 95% CI, −3.70 to −0.31, P = 0.018) superior segments in the post-COVID-19 measurements compared with pre-COVID-19 measurements. Similarly, on RNFL evaluation, some thinning was evident in the temporal superior (mean = 1.14 µm, P = 0.004) and temporal inferior (mean = 1.30 µm, P = 0.032) regions. All choroidal regions, including central, nasal 500 µm and 1500 µm and temporal 500 µm and 1500 µm, exhibited significant thinning (P < 0.001). Conclusion:At least 6 months after mild COVID-19 infection, significant thinning was seen in the temporal and superior quadrants of the macula, the temporal superior and temporal inferior regions of the RNFL, and all measured areas of choroidal regions.

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Retrobulbar ocular blood flow and choroidal vascular changes in patients recovering from COVID-19 infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Measurement of Retrobulbar Blood Flow and Vascular Reactivity—Relevance for Ocular and Cardiovascular Diseases

Measurement of Retrobulbar Blood Flow and Vascular Reactivity—Relevance for Ocular and Cardiovascular Diseases

Investigation of changes in retinal vascular parameters and choroidal vascular index values during the early recovery period of COVID-19: The COVID-OCTA study

Effects of COVID-19 on Retinal and Choroidal Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography

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