RETRACTED ARTICLE: Taurine plays a beneficial role against cadmium-induced oxidative renal dysfunction

Abstract

The present study has been carried out to investigate the role of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a conditionally essential amino acid, in ameliorating cadmium-induced renal dysfunctions in mice. Cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) has been selected as the source of cadmium. Intraperitoneal administration of CdCl(2 )(at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight for 3 days) caused significant accumulation of cadmium in renal tissues and lessened kidney weight to body weight ratio. Cadmium administration reduced intracellular ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) of renal tissues. Levels of serum marker enzymes related to renal damage, creatinine and urea nitrogen (UN) have been elevated due to cadmium toxicity. Cadmium exposure diminished the activities of enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH) and total thiols. On the other hand, the levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA fragmentation, concentration of superoxide radicals and activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP P450s) have been found to increase due to cadmium intoxication. Treatment with taurine (at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 5 days) before cadmium intoxication prevented the toxin-induced oxidative impairments in renal tissues. The beneficial role of taurine against cadmium-induced renal damage was supported from histological examination of renal segments. Vitamin C, a well-established antioxidant was used as the positive control in the study. Experimental evidence suggests that both taurine and vitamin C provide antioxidant defense against cadmium-induced renal oxidative injury. Combining all, results suggest that taurine protects murine kidneys against cadmium-induced oxidative impairments, probably via its antioxidative property.

The Effects of Taurine on Permethrininduced Cytogenetic and Oxidative Damage in Cultured Human Lymphocytes

“…This has been supported by other studies that associate its protective antioxidant properties with direct scavenging of free radicals and indirect preserving of membrane permeability (22,23). TA has therefore become a promising option to treat chemically induced illnesses (14,(24)(25)(26)(27). Recent investigations have shown that TA protects cells from the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd), paracetamol, and arsenic (As) that are mediated by free-radical attack (28)(29)(30)(31).…”

Antioxidative Effects of N-acetylcysteine, Lipoic Acid, Taurine, and Curcumin in the Muscle of Cyprinus carpio L. Exposed to Cadmium

“…In several acute and sub-acute treatment studies, TAU acted as a Cd detoxifi er in the blood, liver, and kidney tissues of mice (12,32,33). It possesses one amino (-NH 2 ) and one sulphonate (-SO 3 H) group, which may be responsible for its detoxifying action.…”

“…Contradictory data were reported for the kidney of a teleost Clarias batrachus and mice treated with TAU. It lowered Cd content in the fi sh and mice, but lipid peroxidation decreased only in mice (12,13).…”

Taurine Attenuates Hepatic and Cardiac Damage and Apoptosis in Rabbits Fed a High-Fat Diet

“…It has been shown that taurine improves endothelial function and inhibits apoptosis of endothelial cell as well as decreases plasma level of LDL, which prevents initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (Fennessy et al, 2003;Murakami et al, 2002). Taurine exhibits antioxidative properties, membrane stabilizing effect, regulates intracellular Ca2+ concentration, inhibits apoptosis, reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in various organs and controls blood pressure (Das et al, 2008;Manna et al, 2008;2009). Additionally, the protective effects of taurine against cyclosporine-A-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity have been documented previously (Hagar et al, 2006).…”