RETRACTED ARTICLE: Inhibition of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) using whey proteins

Abstract

The antiviral activity of native and esterified whey proteins fractions (α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and lactoferrin) was studied to inhibit tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) on infected tomato plants. Whey proteins fractions and their esterified derivatives were sprayed into TYLCV-infected plants. Samples were collected from infected leaves before treatment, 7 and 15 days after treatment for DNA and molecular hybridization analysis. The most evident inhibition of virus replication was observed after 7 and 15 days using α-lactoferrin and α-lactalbumin, respectively. Native and esterified lactoferrin showed complete inhibition after 7 days. On the other hand, native β-lactoglobulin showed inhibition after 7 and 15 days whereas esterified β-lactoglobulin was comparatively more effective after 7 days. The relative amount of viral DNA was less affected by the esterified α-lactalbumin whereas native α-lactalbumin inhibited virus replication completely after 15 days. These results indicate that native or modified whey proteins fractions can be used for controlling the TYLCV-infected plants.

Eugenol enhances the resistance of tomato against tomato yellow leaf curl virus

“…Since then, TYLCVD was also found in many regions of China such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei and Beijing . The usual method to control TYLCVD was to spray frequently with insecticide such as cypermethrin (0.01%) or dimethoate (0.1%), which could effectively minimize the disease by controlling its vector whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci ) . Although these chemicals are relatively effective when applied as part of a strategic spray program, the environmental impact of their residues is generally considered undesirable.…”

“…2 -6 The usual method to control TYLCVD was to spray frequently with insecticide such as cypermethrin (0.01%) or dimethoate (0.1%), which could effectively minimize the disease by controlling its vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). 7 Although these chemicals are relatively effective when applied as part of a strategic spray program, the environmental impact of their residues is generally considered undesirable. Therefore, efforts are being made to develop alternative protection strategies.…”

Bio-based products control black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) and increase the nutraceutical and antioxidant components in kale

“…The milk-based treatments (whey and raw milk) also reduced the black rot severity and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the potential of milk-based product on a bacterial disease protection, despite its already proven efficacy to fungal and virus diseases 23,25 . Milk is composed of nutrients and microorganisms that act in synergy to promote plant protection 14 and some of its fractions such as lactoferrin have antimicrobial activity and is part of the whey fraction 26 , i.e.…”

“…campestris severity. Biofertilizer also contains nutrients and high availability of N and P and, although the biofertilizer composition was not analysed from nutrient content (Figs 2 and 3), the biofertilizer application assured an increase for those nutrients to the plants which in turn ensures plant immunity 23 that result in low black rot severity.…”

Application of molecular antiviral compounds: novel approach for durable resistance against geminiviruses

“…1). Recent study has revealed the antiviral role of esterified whey protein fractions (a-lactalbumin, b-lactoglobulin, and lactoferrin) against TYLCV infection in tomato [1]. This study provides an idea of generating genetically modified plants harboring these protein products which may show altered viral replication.…”