RETRACTED: Antimicrobial secondary metabolites from marine gastropod egg capsules and egg masses

Kaviarasan, Thanamegam; Siva, Sankar R; Yogamoorthi, A.

doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60253-6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…A. kurodai also contains other compounds, including aplydilactone, a dieicosanoid lactone, aplysepsine, and a 1,4-benzoidiasepine alkaloid [ 675 , 676 ]. The egg masses and albumen gland moreover contain cytotoxic peptides, such as aplysianin A or aplysianin E, the latter highly tumor-lytic at 10 ng/mL against MM 46 and MM 48 mice tumor cells [ 294 , 677 , 678 , 679 ].…”

Section: Pharmacological Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Compounds from Marine Heterobranchs

Ávila

Angulo‐Preckler

2020

Marine Drugs

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The natural products of heterobranch molluscs display a huge variability both in structure and in their bioactivity. Despite the considerable lack of information, it can be observed from the recent literature that this group of animals possesses an astonishing arsenal of molecules from different origins that provide the molluscs with potent chemicals that are ecologically and pharmacologically relevant. In this review, we analyze the bioactivity of more than 450 compounds from ca. 400 species of heterobranch molluscs that are useful for the snails to protect themselves in different ways and/or that may be useful to us because of their pharmacological activities. Their ecological activities include predator avoidance, toxicity, antimicrobials, antifouling, trail-following and alarm pheromones, sunscreens and UV protection, tissue regeneration, and others. The most studied ecological activity is predation avoidance, followed by toxicity. Their pharmacological activities consist of cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity; antibiotic, antiparasitic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity; and activity against neurodegenerative diseases and others. The most studied pharmacological activities are cytotoxicity and anticancer activities, followed by antibiotic activity. Overall, it can be observed that heterobranch molluscs are extremely interesting in regard to the study of marine natural products in terms of both chemical ecology and biotechnology studies, providing many leads for further detailed research in these fields in the near future.

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Section: Pharmacological Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Compounds from Marine Heterobranchs

Ávila

Angulo‐Preckler

2020

Marine Drugs

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“…The most remarkable difference between egg masses of N. aenigmaticus and A. californica was the density and thickness of the outer mucous cover. It has been assumed that this particular structure provides protection to the embryo against infections and other environmental stressors (Benkendorff et al., ; Klussmann‐Kolb and Wagele, ; Przeslawski, ; Kaviarasan et al., ). Evidence found in previous studies of euopisthobranchs, including antartic species, suggests that the number of protective layers of egg masses could be directly related to the level of environmental stress (Wägele, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deviating from the Norm: Peculiarities of Aplysia cf. californica Early Cleavage Compared to Traditional Spiralian Models

2016

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Spiralia represents one of the main clades of bilaterally symmetrical metazoans (Bilateria). This group is of particular interest due to the remarkable conservation of its early developmental pattern despite of the high diversity of larval and adult body plans. Variations during embryogenesis are considered powerful tools to determine ancestral and derived characters under a phylogenetic framework. By direct observation of embryos cultured in vitro, we analyzed the early cleavage of the euopisthobranchs Aplysia cf. californica. We used tubulin immunocytochemistry to stain mitotic spindles during early cleavages, and followed each division with the aid of an autofluorescent compound inside yolk platelets, which differed from the characteristic pink-brownish pigment of the vegetal cytoplasm in zygotes and early embryos. We found that this species exhibits an unequal cleavage characterized by ooplasmic segregation, oblique inclination of mitotic spindles, and differences in size and positioning of the asters in relation to the cellular cortex. Furthermore, we detected asynchrony in cleavage timing between the two large macromeres C and D, which increases the number of cleavage rounds required to reach a particular cell stage in comparison to other spiralians. Here, we report the presence of a transient and previously undescribed U-shaped embryo in this species. The present detailed description of A. californica early development deviates considerably from stereotypical patterns described in other spiralians. Our observations demonstrate that early spiralian development can be more plastic than previously thought.

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“…Capsulin, a membrane-associated protein produced by the albumen gland is involved in mechanical protection [ 25 ], while the glycoproteins Aplysianin A and E ensure immune defense with bacteriostatic activity on GRAM-/+ bacteria [ 26 , 27 ]. Moreover, egg masses from invertebrates [ 28 , 29 ] can provide chemical defense against bacteria in addition to the physical barrier in early-stage embryos and during embryonic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Egg Case Proteins Can Protect Cuttlefish Offspring?

et al. 2015

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Sepia officinalis egg protection is ensured by a complex capsule produced by the female accessory genital glands and the ink bag. Our study is focused on the proteins constituting the main egg case. De novo transcriptomes from female genital glands provided essential databases for protein identification. A proteomic approach in SDS-PAGE coupled with MS unveiled a new egg case protein family: SepECPs, for Sepia officinalis Egg Case Proteins. N-glycosylation was demonstrated by PAS staining SDS-PAGE gels. These glycoproteins are mainly produced in the main nidamental glands. SepECPs share high sequence homology, especially in the signal peptide and the three cysteine-rich domains. SepECPs have a high number of cysteines, with conserved motifs involved in 3D-structure. SDS-PAGE showed that SepECPs could form dimers; this result was confirmed by TEM observations, which also revealed a protein network. This network is similar to the capsule network, and it associates these structural proteins with polysaccharides, melanin and bacteria to form a tight mesh. Its hardness and elasticity provide physical protection to the embryo. In addition, SepECPs also have bacteriostatic antimicrobial activity on GRAM- bacteria. By observing the SepECP / Vibrio aestuarianus complex in SEM, we demonstrated the ability of these proteins to agglomerate bacteria and thus inhibit their growth. These original proteins identified from the outer egg case ensure the survival of the species by providing physical and chemical protection to the embryos released in the environment without any maternal protection.

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RETRACTED: Antimicrobial secondary metabolites from marine gastropod egg capsules and egg masses

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Bioactive Compounds from Marine Heterobranchs

Bioactive Compounds from Marine Heterobranchs

Deviating from the Norm: Peculiarities of Aplysia cf. californica Early Cleavage Compared to Traditional Spiralian Models

How Egg Case Proteins Can Protect Cuttlefish Offspring?

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