Bioactive Compounds from Marine Heterobranchs

Abstract

The natural products of heterobranch molluscs display a huge variability both in structure and in their bioactivity. Despite the considerable lack of information, it can be observed from the recent literature that this group of animals possesses an astonishing arsenal of molecules from different origins that provide the molluscs with potent chemicals that are ecologically and pharmacologically relevant. In this review, we analyze the bioactivity of more than 450 compounds from ca. 400 species of heterobranch molluscs that are useful for the snails to protect themselves in different ways and/or that may be useful to us because of their pharmacological activities. Their ecological activities include predator avoidance, toxicity, antimicrobials, antifouling, trail-following and alarm pheromones, sunscreens and UV protection, tissue regeneration, and others. The most studied ecological activity is predation avoidance, followed by toxicity. Their pharmacological activities consist of cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity; antibiotic, antiparasitic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity; and activity against neurodegenerative diseases and others. The most studied pharmacological activities are cytotoxicity and anticancer activities, followed by antibiotic activity. Overall, it can be observed that heterobranch molluscs are extremely interesting in regard to the study of marine natural products in terms of both chemical ecology and biotechnology studies, providing many leads for further detailed research in these fields in the near future.

Cytotoxic Potential, Metabolic Profiling, and Liposomes of Coscinoderma sp. Crude Extract Supported by in silico Analysis

“…2 Natural products from marine origin as sponges and echinoderms had been explored broadly for their biological activities. [3][4][5] The spongeCoscinoderma sp. (Family: Spongiidae), fitted to an arrangement of coastal sponges that had a broad variety of natural products, covering diterpenes, sesquiterpene hydroquinones, long-chain aliphatic and acetylenic compounds, furanic and scalarane sesterterpenes, bromotyrosine alkaloids, hepta-and octaprenylhydroquinones, suvanine analogs, and farnesyl quinols, which reported to have antitumor, antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) inhibitoryactivities.…”

Anti-tumour drugs of marine origin currently at various stages of clinical trials (review)

“…According to the data of 2014, 1,145 biologically active compounds were isolated from marine mollusks, and in the period between 2014 and 2018, another 145 substances were added to this list (Summer et al, 2020). Because of the variety of chemical structures and broad range of biological activity, these substances have high cytotoxic potential (Ciavatta et al, 2017;Ahmad et al, 2018;Esmaeelian et al, 2018;Avila & Angulo-Preckler, 2020). Many anti-tumour compounds reached late pre-clinical and clinical developments (Newman & Cragg, 2014).…”

“…Marine fungi live in symbiosis with various microbial communities, their biological properties are well known, but the potential of associating organisms remains studied incompletely. Recent surveys of 450 chemical compounds of nudibranchs and symbionts, which are some of the most chemically diverse groups, have revealled their impressive bioactive potential (Avila & Angulo-Preckler, 2020).…”

A Minireview on Biodiscovery in Antarctic Marine Benthic Invertebrates

“…Molluscs, and particularly gastropods, are a very important source of bioactive compounds, with some drugs already in the market (see Avila et al, 2008;Avila and Angulo-Preckler, 2020). Antarctic molluscs are also rich in natural products with potentially relevant bioactivities (Avila and Angulo-Preckler, 2020 and references therein) (Table 1).…”

“…Antarctic molluscs are also rich in natural products with potentially relevant bioactivities (Avila and Angulo-Preckler, 2020 and references therein) (Table 1). Here, gastropod nudibranchs are among the most interesting, as for example the compounds of the slug Doris kerguelenensis, displaying a wide arsenal of NPs, including different skeletons (Avila and Angulo-Preckler, 2020), among which the diterpenoids palmadorins (Figure 1) inhibit human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells at low micromolar IC 50 's and also inhibit Jak2, STAT5, and Erk1/2 activation in HEL cells, causing apoptosis at 5 mM (Maschek et al, 2012). The structure-activity profile of the cytotoxicity of palmadorin indicates that the cis-fused labdane diterpene system may be conformable to develop potent chemotherapy tools based on the inhibition of several key enzymes implicated in the JAK/STAT pathway (Maschek et al, 2012).…”