RETRACTED: A Critical Review on Recycling Composite Waste Using Pyrolysis for Sustainable Development

Abstract

The rising usage of carbon and glass fibers has raised awareness of scrap management options. Every year, tons of composite scrap containing precious carbon and glass fibers accumulate from numerous sectors. It is necessary to recycle them efficiently, without harming the environment. Pyrolysis seems to be a realistic and promising approach, not only for efficient recovery, but also for high-quality fiber production. In this paper, the essential characteristics of the pyrolysis process, their influence on fiber characteristics, and the use of recovered fibers in the creation of a new composite are highlighted. Pyrolysis, like any other recycling process, has several drawbacks, the most problematic of which is the probability of char development on the resultant fiber surface. Due to the char, the mechanical characteristics of the recovered fibers may decrease substantially. Chemically treating and post-heating the fibers both help to reduce char formation, but only to a limited degree. Thus, it was important to identify the material cost reductions that may be achieved using recovered carbon fibers as structural reinforcement, as well as the manufacture of high-value products using recycled carbon fibers on a large scale. Recycled fibers are cheaper than virgin fibers, but they inherently vary from them as well. This has hampered the entry of recycled fiber into the virgin fiber industry. Based on cost and performance, the task of the current study was to modify the material in such a way that virgin fiber was replaced with recycled fiber. In order to successfully modify the recycling process, a regulated optimum temperature and residence duration in post-pyrolysis were advantageous.

Recent Progress in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Recycling: A Review of Recycling Methods and Reuse of Carbon Fibers

“…Regarding the use of recycled carbon fiber (rCF), some of the problems that may arise as a result of the different recycling processes may include loss of strength [ 20 , 36 , 37 ], fiber damage [ 38 , 39 ], variation in fiber length [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], changes in fiber diameter [ 38 , 44 ], char deposition [ 45 , 46 , 47 ], and contamination on fibers [ 47 , 48 , 49 ]. From an environmental point of view, some recycling methods present significant problems of gas emissions [ 50 ] or the use of potentially hazardous solvents [ 42 , 51 ].…”

Analysis of Mechanical Properties Related to Fiber Length of Closed-Loop-Recycled Offcuts of a Thermoplastic Fiber Composites (Organo Sheets)

“…depolymerized by chemicals [ 11 , 14 ]. Pyrolysis, on the other hand, removes the polymer matrix by combustion, microwave-assisted heating or fluidized bed extraction [ 11 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In both processes, the end products can be further processed.…”

“…In both processes, the end products can be further processed. Feedstock recycling processes are currently not industrially relevant, either because there are only pilot plants, the process costs are too high or the recycled materials have high impurities which requires a reprocessing of the recycled products [ 11 , 13 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Advanced Hybrid Joining for Needle-punched rCF Composite-Metal Structures via Compression Moulding Process

“…Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRC) are increasingly used in various industries thanks to its competitive qualities including high strength, minimal maintenance, and light weight [1][2]. The utilization of CFRC is driven significantly by reducing of fuel consumption and related cost because of weight saving.…”