Retinol, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the milk of lactating adolescents and relationships with plasma concentrations

Azeredo, Vilma Blondet de; Trugo, N. M. F.

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2007.10.011

Cited by 70 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Provavelmente, devem existir mecanismos de transporte distintos dessa vitamina para a glândula mamária que independem da concentração plasmática 15 . De fato, a redução de quase 10 vezes na concentração do alfa-tocoferol presente no colostro, em comparação aos níveis presentes no leite de transição e maduro, evidenciam outros mecanismos de transferência 1 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Vitamin E in human serum and colostrum under fasting and postprandial conditions

et al. 2010

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Objective: To evaluate alpha-tocopherol concentrations in maternal serum and colostrum under fasting and postprandial conditions. Methods:Thirty healthy childbearing women were recruited in a public maternity hospital, and samples of blood, fasting colostrum, and postprandial colostrum were collected from them up to 12 hours after delivery. Results:The serum alpha-tocopherol concentration was 1 , 9 3 9 . 8 ± 7 6 6 . 0 μ g / d L . A l p h a -t o c o p h e r o l l e ve l s i n f a s t i n g colostrum (1,603.4±911.0 μg/dL) and in postprandial colostrum (1,515.0±890.9 μg/dL) did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). There was correlation between alpha-tocopherol levels in fasting and postprandial colostrum (p < 0.05), but not between serum and colostrum. Conclusions:The lack of correlation between alpha-tocopherol levels in plasma and in colostrum, and the correlation between alphatocopherol concentrations in fasting and postprandial colostrum support the existence of a mechanism that controls the transfer of this nutrient, regardless of dietary intake.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010;86(4):345-348: Alpha-tocopherol, serum, colostrum. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a concentração de alfa-tocoferol no soro e colostro maternos, seja em condições de jejum ou pós-prandial. Métodos:Trinta parturientes saudáveis atendidas em uma maternidade pública foram recrutadas para o estudo, e amostras de sangue, colostro em jejum e colostro pós-prandial foram coletadas até 12 horas pós-parto.Resultados: A concentração sérica de alfa-tocoferol foi de 1.939,8±766,0 μg/dL. O alfa-tocoferol no colostro em jejum, 1.603,4±911,0 μg/dL, e após a refeição, 1.515,0±890,9 μg/dL, não apresentaram diferença significativa (p > 0,05). Houve correlação entre o alfa-tocoferol do colostro na condição de jejum e no pós-prandial (p < 0,05), mas não entre o soro e o colostro.Conclusão: A falta de correlação entre o alfa-tocoferol no plasma e no colostro e a correlação entre o alfa-tocoferol no colostro em jejum e no pós-prandial reforçam a hipótese de um mecanismo de controle na passagem desse micronutriente, independente do aporte dietético. IntroduçãoA vitamina E é um termo genérico utilizado para designar oito compostos naturais, sendo o alfa-tocoferol o que possui maior atividade biológica 1 . Estudos epidemiológicos têm indicado um provável envolvimento da deficiência de vitamina E na patogênese da aterosclerose, diabetes e alguns tipos de câncer, bem como na modulação da inflamação e resposta imune 2 .Durante a gestação, a transferência placentária do alfa-tocoferol é limitada, e o feto apresenta baixa concentração circulante dessa vitamina. Após o parto, o leite é de extrema importância para o abastecimento do alfatocoferol ao recém-nascido, pois é essencial na defesa contra a toxicidade do oxigênio e auxilia a estimular o desenvolvimento de seu sistema imunológico 1 .1. Doutor, Bioquímica. Professor adjunto IV, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN. ...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Vitamin E in human serum and colostrum under fasting and postprandial conditions

et al. 2010

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“…Low or high dietary intake of retinoids and carotenoids results in low or increased concentrations of retinoids and carotenoids in breast milk [15,16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various reports clearly display that an increased maternal consumption of vitamin A results in an increased amount of vitamin A in breast milk [14,98,99,100]. Increased maternal consumption of β-carotene increases the amounts of it in breast milk [6,14,16,97,101,102], but also the amount of vitamin A [103]. In addition, milk samples rich in fat also have a particularly high content of vitamin A and β-carotene (reviewed in [104]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Pro-Vitamin A and Pro-Vitamin A Carotenoids in Atopy Development

Rühl

2013

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Carotenoids are important derivatives of the human diet and occur in high concentrations in the human organism. Various carotenoids are also present in human breast milk and are transferred to breast-fed children. The alternative to breastfeeding is supplementation with an infant milk formula, but these formulas contain only a limited variety of carotenoids. Our question is: ‘What is the function of various carotenoids in human nutrition with a special emphasis on child development and the development of atopy?’ In this review, the mechanisms of action of the most important non-pro-vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids: α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene and retinoids are discussed. In summary, the combination of carotenoids, especially lycopene, seems to be of great importance, and exclusive usage of β-carotene in infant formula may yield in an increased atopy prevalence mediated in various target organs like the skin, lungs and immune competent cells. We conclude that the determination of novel bioactive metabolites of various carotenoids, at various stages in different organs during atopy development, might be the key to understanding the potential importance of carotenoids on atopy development.

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“…Probably, there must be different mechanisms for the transfer of this vitamin to the mammary gland that do not depend upon plasma concentrations. 15 Actually, the reduction of alpha-tocopherol levels in colostrum by nearly 10 times compared to the levels found in transitional and mature milk points to other transfer mechanisms. 1 The significant correlation between alpha-tocopherol levels in fasting and postprandial colostrum demonstrates that this vitamin will not be restricted in different moments of the maternal diet after the mammary gland transfer barrier is overcome and milk secretion eventually takes …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%