Non-Pro-Vitamin A and Pro-Vitamin A Carotenoids in Atopy Development

Rühl, Ralph

doi:10.1159/000345958

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 303 publications

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“…Increased RARγ-RXR mediated signaling may be initiated in the skin via internal or external triggers (33,37). We confirm by this that retinoids / vitamin A are important triggers for atopic sensitization (38)(39)(40). Based on that, we postulate that reducing dermal TSLP expression via interfering RARγ-RXR-mediated signaling and further serum TSLP levels might be an important strategy for prevention and therapy of AD or other TSLP-linked diseases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

TSLP expression in the skin is mediated via RARγ-RXR pathways

et al. 2016

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TSLP is an important trigger and initiator for various atopic diseases mainly atopic dermatitis (AD). Activators of nuclear hormone receptors like bioactive vitamin A and D derivatives are known to induce TSLP up-regulation in the skin. In this study, various combinations of synthetic specific agonists and antagonists of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs), retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) were topically administered to mice. The aim of the study was to elucidate via which nuclear hormone receptor pathways TSLP is regulated and how this regulation is connected to the development and phenotype of atopic dermatitis. TSLP expression was monitored using QRT-PCR and serum TSLP levels using ELISA. Synthetic agonists of the VDR and RARγ as well as the natural agonist all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) increased TSLP expression in the skin, while an RXR agonist was not active. Treatments with antagonists of RXRs and RARs in addition to RARα-agonists reduced skin TSLP expression. Strong activation was found after a combination of a VDR and an RXR agonist (ca. 5 times induction) and even stronger by an RARγ and an RXR agonist treatment (ca. 48 times induction). We conclude that besides VDR-mediated signaling mainly RARγ-RXR mediated pathways in the skin are important patho-physiological triggers for increased skin TSLP expression. We conclude that topical synthesized retinoids stimulated by internal or external triggers or topically applied induce TSLP production and are thereby important triggers for atopic dermatitis prevalence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

TSLP expression in the skin is mediated via RARγ-RXR pathways

et al. 2016

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“…Intake of carotenoids in mcg, including alpha-carotene beta-carotene beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene intake lutein + zeaxanthin were also assessed. Carotenes and beta-crytoxanthin have pre-vitamin A activity, and lutein + zeaxanthin and lycopene have been shown in the literature to potentially be important to the developing fetus [18,19]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Retinol Concentrations, Race, and Socioeconomic Status in of Women of Childbearing Age in the United States

et al. 2016

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Background: Vitamin A is an essential nutrient during pregnancy and throughout the lifecycle due to its role in the development of critical organ systems. Because maternal tissue is progressively depleted of vitamin A to supply fetal demands, women who become pregnant while possessing marginal vitamin A reserves are at increased risk of vitamin A inadequacy as pregnancy progresses. Few studies have assessed the relationship between socioeconomic factors and retinol status in women of childbearing age. Methods: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess the relationship between serum retinol concentrations and socioeconomic factors in women of childbearing age. Women 14–45 years of age (n = 3170) from NHANES cycles 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 were included. Serum retinol concentrations were divided into categories according to World Health Organization criteria. All statistical procedures accounted for the weighted data and complex design of the NHANES sample. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The poverty score and race were significantly associated with vitamin A status after adjustment for confounders. Odds of retinol concentrations of <1.05 µmol/L were 1.85 times higher for those of lower socioeconomic status when compared to those of higher status (95% CI: 1.12–3.03, p = 0.02), and 3.1 times higher for non-Hispanic blacks when compared to non-Hispanic whites (95% CI: 1.50–6.41, p = 0.002). Dietary intakes of retinol activity equivalents were significantly lower in groups with higher poverty scores (p = 0.004). Conclusion There appear to be disparities in serum vitamin A levels in women of childbearing age related to income and race in the United States.

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“…For comparison, the endogenous levels for β-carotene were in average range of 360 nM in serum and up to 31 830 nM in organs, while being highest in (144) . (B) Direct correlation newly calculated based on of serum ATβC to ATRA in children in Germany with different ethical backgrounds (183,184) . (C) Direct correlation based on serum ATβC to ATRA levels in Hungarian adults (n 40, Lucas et al (187) ) This figure is just present in the original study in ng/ml, while 1 ng/ml ATRA corresponds to 3.3 nM and 1 ng/ml ATβC to 1.86 nM.…”

Section: Bco1 As a Critical Bottleneck For The Cleavage Of β-Carotenementioning

confidence: 99%

β-Carotene in the human body: metabolic bioactivation pathways – from digestion to tissue distribution and excretion

Bohn

Desmarchelier

et al. 2019

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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5Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary β-Carotene intake and tissue/blood concentrations have been associated with reduced incidence of several chronic diseases. Further bioactive carotenoid-metabolites can modulate the expression of specific genes mainly via the nuclear hormone receptors: retinoic acid receptor-and retinoid X receptor-mediated signalling. To better understand the metabolic conversion of β-carotene, inter-individual differences regarding β-carotene bioavailability and bioactivity are key steps that determine its further metabolism and bioactivation and mediated signalling. Major carotenoid metabolites, the retinoids, can be stored as esters or further oxidised and excreted via phase 2 metabolism pathways. In this review, we aim to highlight the major critical control points that determine the fate of β-carotene in the human body, with a special emphasis on β-carotene oxygenase 1. The hypothesis that higher dietary β-carotene intake and serum level results in higher β-carotene-mediated signalling is partly questioned. Alternative autoregulatory mechanisms in β-carotene / retinoid-mediated signalling are highlighted to better predict and optimise nutritional strategies involving βcarotene-related health beneficial mediated effects.

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Non-Pro-Vitamin A and Pro-Vitamin A Carotenoids in Atopy Development

Cited by 27 publications

References 303 publications

TSLP expression in the skin is mediated via RARγ-RXR pathways

TSLP expression in the skin is mediated via RARγ-RXR pathways

Serum Retinol Concentrations, Race, and Socioeconomic Status in of Women of Childbearing Age in the United States

β-Carotene in the human body: metabolic bioactivation pathways – from digestion to tissue distribution and excretion

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