Reticulate hyperpigmentation distributed in a zosteriform fashion: a new clinical type of hyperpigmentation

Abstract

We have recently seen two cases of hyperpigmentation in children, which was reticulate and distributed in a zosteriform fashion. As another two cases of hyperpigmentation of this kind in children have been reported previously, described as reticulate hyperpigmentation distributed in a zosteriform fashion, this gives a total of four cases of hyperpigmentation of this kind reported recently from Japan. These four cases differed from progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation, the condition which these cases resembled most closely, with respect to the age of onset of the hyperpigmentation, which in the four Japanese cases was not confined to a dermatome. Like a variant of incontinentia pigmenti (IP), all four cases showed eosinophilia. But they differed from IP in that there was no inflammatory stage, no pigmentary incontinence detectable on histology, and no evidence that the condition was hereditary. These four cases do not conform completely to any described entities and we suggest that they represent a new clinical entity.

Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis associated with developmental delay and generalized convulsions

“…Since its first description, only a few cases of LWNH have been reported 3,7–11 . From a review of the literature, however, several reported cases with similar findings, but described under different names, have been found; these include reticulate hyperpigmentation distributed in a zosteriform fashion, 12 reticulate hyperpigmentation of Iijima, Naito and Uyeno, 13 zosteriform lentiginous nevus, 14 and zebra‐like hyperpigmentation 15 …”

Disorders of pigmentation

“…350 Another study in which pigmentary anomalies along the lines of Blaschko were associated with abnormalities of the central nervous system included a few patients with incontinentia pigmenti and hypomelanosis of Ito; most cases could not be categorized further. 470 Included in the patterned hypermelanoses are cases reported as 'linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis', 463,465,[471][472][473][474][475][476][477][478][479] 'reticulate hyperpigmentation distributed in a zosteriform fashion', 480 'progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation', 481,482 'congenital curvilinear palpable hyperpigmentation', 483 'zebra-like hyperpigmentation', 484 'progressive zosteriform macular pigmented lesions', 485 'dyschromia in confetti' (following topical immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone), 486 and 'infant with abnormal pigmentation'. 468 Dyspigmentation has also been associated with mosaic chromosome 5p tetrasomy 469 and with trisomy 20 mosaicism.…”

Progressive Cribriform and Zosteriform Hyperpigmentation along with Vitiligo

“…Because they both show the same histopathological presence of basal hyperpigmentation, with no increase in numbers of melanocytes or pigmentary incontinence [4]. The term linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis (LWNH) was named by Kalter et al [5] in 1988, it has nearly the same clinical feature as PCZH but not always localized, and occurring within the first weeks of life.…”