Retention of Cigarette Smoke Components in Human Lungs

Dalhamn, Tore; Edfors, Marie-Louise; Rylander, Ragnar

doi:10.1080/00039896.1968.10665315

Cited by 88 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The retention for aldehydes is high in all cases, while the ketones seem to be retained slightly less than the aldehydes. The findings from this study are in very good agreement with the result reported in literature for acetaldehyde and acetone (10)(11)(12). Some disagreement exists regarding acrolein, which was found in the present study to be retained more than 96% for all tested cigarettes.…”

Section: Compoundsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…However, only three reports published in the literature (10)(11)(12) discuss the retention of carbonyl compounds from cigarette smoke. In two of these reports (10,11), acetaldehyde was retained at 99% (with a variability of 1%) and acetone was retained at 86% (with a variability of 5.5%). The studies were preformed on 16 subjects with non-filter cigarettes having 30 mg of total particulate matter (TPM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Carbonyl Compounds in Exhaled Cigarette Smoke

Moldoveanu

Coleman

Wilkins

2007

Contributions to Tobacco &Amp; Nicotine Research

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SUMMARYThis paper presents the findings on a quantitative evaluation of carbonyl levels in exhaled cigarette smoke from human subjects. The cigarettes evaluated include products with 5.0 mg 'tar', 10.6 mg 'tar' and 16.2 mg 'tar', where 'tar' is defined as the weight of total wet particulate matter (TPM) minus the weight of nicotine and water, and the cigarettes are smoked following U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recommendations. The measured levels of carbonyls in the exhaled smoke were compared with calculated yields of carbonyls in the inhaled smoke and a retention efficiency was obtained. The number of human subjects included a total of ten smokers for the 10.6 mg 'tar', five for the 16.2 mg 'tar', and five for the 5.0 mg 'tar' product, each subject smoking three cigarettes. The analyzed carbonyl compounds included several aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde and n-butyraldehyde), and two ketones (acetone and 2-butanone). The smoke collection from the human subjects was vacuum assisted. Exhaled smoke was collected on Cambridge pads pretreated with a solution of dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the dinitrophenylhydrazones of the carbonyl compounds. The cigarette butts from the smokers were collected and analyzed for nicotine. The nicotine levels for the cigarette butts from the smokers were used to calculate the level of carbonyls in the inhaled smoke, based on calibration curves. These were generated separately by analyzing the carbonyls in smoke and the nicotine in the cigarette butts obtained by machine smoking under different puffing regimes. The comparison of the level of carbonyl compounds in exhaled smoke with that from the inhaled smoke showed high retention of all the carbonyls. The retention of aldehydes was above 95% for all three different tar levels cigarettes. The ketones were retained with a slightly lower efficiency. Acetone was retained in the range of 90% to 95%. The retention for 2-butanone showed a larger scatter compared to other results but it also appeared to be slightly less absorbed than the aldehydes, with an average retention around 95%. The retention of acetaldehyde and acetone by human smokers was previously reported in literature and the findings from this study are in very good agreement with these result. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 22 (2007) RESUMEDans cette étude les teneurs en composés carbonyles dans la fumée exhalée par les fumeurs sont évaluées quantitativement. Les cigarettes étudiées ont un rendement respectivement de 5,0 ; 10,6 et 16,2 mg de goudron ; le goudron étant définit comme matière particulaire totale (TPM) exempte de nicotine et l'eau. Les cigarettes ont été fumées selon les conditions normalisées de la Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Les teneurs en composés carbonyles dans la fumée exhalée ont été comparées avec les rendements calculés en carbonyles dans la fumée inhalée, pour obtenir l'efficacité de rétention. Dans cette étude, dix fumeurs ont...

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Section: Compoundsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Carbonyl Compounds in Exhaled Cigarette Smoke

Moldoveanu

Coleman

Wilkins

2007

Contributions to Tobacco &Amp; Nicotine Research

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“…Dalhamn et al (1968) measured 16% deposition for smoke held in the mouth for 2 s. Mitchell (1962) reports deposition ranging from 20 to 60% for an undisclosed amount of time and a decrease in the average mass diameter from 1.5 ¹m to 1.2 ¹m, which would be due to both coagulation and deposition. The initial size of 1.5 ¹m is signi cantly larger than the size of fresh CSP.…”

Section: Numerical Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition of Cigarette Smoke Particles in the Human Respiratory Tract

Robinson¹,

Yu²

2001

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Understanding tobacco related cancer etiology requires the knowledge of cigarette smoke particle (CSP) deposition. Measurements of CSP deposition are inconsistent with typical deposition data. A deposition model that accounts for hygroscopic growth, coagulation, particle charge, and cloud behavior of CSP has not yet been presented. Nor have smoking patterns been accounted for in either deposition measurements or computer models. The dosimetry of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), which would add critical information to the relationship between anatomic site preferences of tumors and their histology, is currently unknown.The deposition model presented in this study is the rst to accurately account for the dynamic behavior of CSP. Using the model results, the effects of each dynamic behavior on deposition is examined along with the effect of smoking patterns. The dosimetry of BaP is also calculated. The results indicate that coagulation, hygroscopicity, and particle charge increase the total deposition by 16% over the stable charge-neutral case, which predicts 46%. Cloud behavior increases total deposition ef ciency by 36% over the simple case. Increasing exhalation time increases the deposition fraction by 3.9%/s. BaP concentrations are found to be as large as 1.8E-4 ng/cm 2 for the cloud model and 2.4E-5 ng/cm 2 for single particle behavior. Mass deposition occurs preferentially in the pulmonary region for all cases. However, signi cant increases in the tracheobronchial region are found if cloud behavior is considered. The model results indicate that cloud behavior, and not particle charge, coagulation, and hygroscopic growth, has a predominant effect on deposition. More data is required on cloud behavior in the airways to improve the accuracy of the model.

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“…The uptake and elimination of acetone have previously been studied, and a relative uptake varying between 14 and 86 % has been reported (6,10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to acetone. Uptake and elimination in man.

Wigaeus¹,

Holm²,

Åstrand³

1981

Scand J Work Environ Health

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WIGAEUS E, HOLM S, ASTRAND 1. Exposure to acetone: Uptake and elimination in man. Scand j work environ health 7 (1981) 84-94. Eight male subjects were exposed to ·a<:'etone vapor on two occasions for 2:h d.n lIhe laboratory. On the jjirst iOccasion t'hey wer,e ,exposed Ito about 1,300 mg/m 3 dumng r,est a'nd on the second occals'ion to about 700 mg/m 3 during rest (30 min) and eX8l'cise at dJifferent work ]oads on a bicycle ergometer (90 min). The total uptake of acetone was 0.6-1.2 g, 'and the r,elative uptake was ,about 45 0/0. The concentration of acetone in alveol,ar air was 30-40 % of tihat in ,the 'inspiratory air, and rl.t was not affected by exposure time or work 1oad. The concentration of acetone in blood increased continuously wli.t'h inc,reased uptake during exposure, and ,there was no 'tendency towarolS equili'briurn. 'I'he half-time of acetone in alveolar air as about 4 h, and in venous and arterial blood it was about 6 and 4 h, respectively. The 'h~ighest conceIllwatiions of acetone in urine were measur,ed 3-3.5 h after exposure. The ,e)jminat~on of acetone v,ia the lungs corresponded to about 20 % of the Itotal uptake. Only about 1 % of 'the uplta'ke was excreted via ur.ine.

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Retention of Cigarette Smoke Components in Human Lungs

Cited by 88 publications

References 4 publications

Determination of Carbonyl Compounds in Exhaled Cigarette Smoke

Determination of Carbonyl Compounds in Exhaled Cigarette Smoke

Deposition of Cigarette Smoke Particles in the Human Respiratory Tract

Exposure to acetone. Uptake and elimination in man.

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