Exposure to acetone. Uptake and elimination in man.

Abstract

WIGAEUS E, HOLM S, ASTRAND 1. Exposure to acetone: Uptake and elimination in man. Scand j work environ health 7 (1981) 84-94. Eight male subjects were exposed to ·a<:'etone vapor on two occasions for 2:h d.n lIhe laboratory. On the jjirst iOccasion t'hey wer,e ,exposed Ito about 1,300 mg/m 3 dumng r,est a'nd on the second occals'ion to about 700 mg/m 3 during rest (30 min) and eX8l'cise at dJifferent work ]oads on a bicycle ergometer (90 min). The total uptake of acetone was 0.6-1.2 g, 'and the r,elative uptake was ,about 45 0/0. The concentration of acetone in alveol,ar air was 30-40 % of tihat in ,the 'inspiratory air, and rl.t was not affected by exposure time or work 1oad. The concentration of acetone in blood increased continuously wli.t'h inc,reased uptake during exposure, and ,there was no 'tendency towarolS equili'briurn. 'I'he half-time of acetone in alveolar air as about 4 h, and in venous and arterial blood it was about 6 and 4 h, respectively. The 'h~ighest conceIllwatiions of acetone in urine were measur,ed 3-3.5 h after exposure. The ,e)jminat~on of acetone v,ia the lungs corresponded to about 20 % of the Itotal uptake. Only about 1 % of 'the uplta'ke was excreted via ur.ine.

Distribution and elimination of 2-[14C]-acetone in mice after inhalation exposure.

“…""_-t:___--_<:_Postexposure ,me. blood: inspiratory air ratio in our previous study with man (mean values of arterial and venous blood concentrations) was about 6 after 1 hand 10 after 2 h of exposure at rest (21). When light physical activity (50 W on a bicycle ergometer) was introduced, the ratio rose to about 11 after 1 hand 23 after 2 h of exposure.…”

“…In some ti3sues the concentration of acetone and total radioactivity seems to be lower at 12 and/or 24 h of exposure than at 6 h of exposure. The explanation for this difference can be food deprivation and the resulting reduced physical activity, which leads to reduced acetone uptake (21).…”

“…About 45 % of the inhaled acetone vapor is taken up in the human body (21), and most of it is excreted via the lungs as unmetabolized acetone and metabolically formed carbon dioxide (3,18).…”

Testing the coherence between occupational exposure limits for inhalation and their biological limit values with a generalized PBPK-model: The case of 2-propanol and acetone

“…This endogenous urinary concentration was sampled from a lognormal distribution, based on literature data (Table A-5) (Ghittori et al, 1996;Kawai et al, 1992;Pezzagno et al, 1986;Satoh et al, 1995;Wang et al, 1994;Wigaeus et al, 1981).…”

A simple and rapid method for urinary acetone analysis by headspace/gas chromatography

“…Since the endogenous formation of acetone is closely linked to the stored fats utilization as a source of energy, endogenous levels may vary according to individual health, nutrition and activity levels 5,10,[14][15][16][17][18] .…”