Retention of a wide variety of organic pollutants by different nanofiltration/reverse osmosis membranes: controlling parameters of process

Agenson, K.O.; Jeong-hak, Oh，; Urase, Taro

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2003.08.006

Cited by 218 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The water permeability of the ultrathin graphene NF membranes was measured to be as high as 21.8 l.m − 2 .h − 1 .bar − 1 , which is higher than that of commercial NF membranes (for example, the water flux of the commercial low desalting membrane UTC60 is 15.4 l.m − 2 .h − 1 .bar − 1 ). 77 As seen in Figure 12b, the residual functional groups on base refluxing rGO are mainly located at the edges and holes of the graphene sheets. These functional groups not only afford the good dispersibility of base refluxing rGO in water, necessary for creating the well-packed layer structured film, but also contribute to the selectivity of the membrane.…”

Section: Multilayer Graphene Desalination Membranesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Graphene membranes for water desalination

2017

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Extensive environmental pollution caused by worldwide industrialization and population growth has led to a water shortage. This problem lowers the quality of human life and wastes a large amount of money worldwide each year due to the related consequences. One main solution for this challenge is water purification. State-of-the-art water purification necessitates the implementation of novel materials and technologies that are cost and energy efficient. In this regard, graphene nanomaterials, with their unique physicochemical properties, are an optimum choice. These materials offer extraordinarily high surface area, mechanical durability, atomic thickness, nanosized pores and reactivity toward polar and non-polar water pollutants. These characteristics impart high selectivity and water permeability, and thus provide excellent water purification efficiency. This review introduces the potential of graphene membranes for water desalination. Although literature reviews have mostly concerned graphene's capability for the adsorption and photocatalysis of water pollutants, updated knowledge related to its sieving properties is quite limited. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e427; doi:10.1038/am.2017.135; published online 25 August 2017 INTRODUCTION Currently,~1.2 billion people around the world are suffering from a shortage of water and its adverse consequences on health, food and energy. 1,2 On one hand, population growth, increased industrialization and greater energy needs and, on the other hand, loss of snowmelt, shrinkage of glaciers and so on will worsen this situation in upcoming years. As estimated by the world water council, the number of affected people will rise to 3.9 billion in the coming decades. 2,3 One of the most promising approaches to alleviate the water shortage, desalination can increase the water supply beyond what is available from the hydrological cycle. 4 Seawater desalination indeed provides an infinite, steady supply of high-quality water that does not harm natural freshwater ecosystems.Seawater comprises a vast supply of water (97.5% of all water on the planet). Thus, the growth of the installation of seawater desalination facilities in the past decade to circumvent water shortage problems in water-stressed countries has progressed quickly. In 2016, the global water production by desalination was estimated to be 38 billion cubic meter per year, that is, two times higher than that in 2008. 5 So far, seawater desalination has been mainly performed via multistage flash distillation and reverse osmosis (RO). 6 Mostly in the arid Persian Gulf countries, desalination plants perform based on heating and then condensing seawater. This kind of desalination plant consumes large amounts of thermal and electric energy, thus emitting greenhouse gases extensively. 7 In addition to this non-economical and non-ecofriendly version of desalination plants, the main type of desalination plants constructed in the past two decades, as well as future planned ones, are based on RO technology (Figure 1). 8

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Section: Multilayer Graphene Desalination Membranesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Graphene membranes for water desalination

2017

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“…The effectiveness of NF membranes in removing low molecular weight organics such as pesticides has been recently demonstrated (13 -16). Promising retention values of hormone mimicking compounds such as nonylphenol and BPA have also been reported in several studies (17,18). However, the removal mechanisms and the influence of solution chemistry on the retention of hormone mimicking compounds by NF membranes remain poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nanofiltration of Hormone Mimicking Trace Organic Contaminants

Nghiem

Schäfer

Elimelech

2005

Separation Science and Technology

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The removal mechanisms of three hormone mimicking organic compounds by nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been examined. Two NF membranes having different pore sizes were used in laboratory-scale nanofiltration experiments with feed solutions spiked with a hormone mimicking compound-nonylphenol, tertbutylphenol, or bisphenol A. Retention of the compounds was determined at various solution chemistries, namely aqueous solution pH, ionic strength, and presence of natural organic matter. The nanofiltration behavior of the selected hormone mimicking compounds appears similar to that of natural hormones as reported in our previous work. While the solution pH can dramatically influence the retention of hormone mimicking compounds by a loose NF membrane, ionic strength does not affect the nanofiltration of such contaminants. However, in the presence of natural organic matter in the feed solution, ionic strength appears to play a significant role in solute-solute and solute-membrane interactions, resulting in increased retention due to partitioning of the hormone mimicking compounds onto organic matter at a higher ionic strength.

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“…However, the rejection of TrOC can also be influenced by their molecular dimensions [37][38][39]. Therefore, the equivalent width (defined as 2 / S , where S is the surface of rectangle of minimum area enclosing the projection of the molecule on the plane perpendicular to the length-axis) of the TrOC was used in this study to compare their rejection values by the NF270 and NF90 membranes.…”

Section: Rejection Of Neutral Hydrophilic Trocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of caustic cleaning on pore size of nanofiltration membranes and their rejection of trace organic chemicals

Simon

McDonald

Khan

et al. 2013

Journal of Membrane Science

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The aim of this study was to assess the impact of caustic cleaning on the rejection of three different trace organic chemical (TrOC) groups (i.e. neutral hydrophilic, neutral hydrophobic and negatively charged) by two nanofiltration (NF) membranes -namely NF270 and NF90. Chemical cleaning was simulated by exposing virgin membrane samples to commercial caustic cleaning formulations as well as sodium hydroxide solutions containing analytical grade additives such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The membrane average pore size before and after exposure to a commercially available caustic cleaning formulation was determined based on the pore transport model. The results show that caustic chemical cleaning could cause an increase in the membrane pore size, leading to an increase in permeability and decrease in rejection of conductivity. The impact of caustic cleaning on the pore size and solute rejection was a function of the membrane active skin layer and the chemistry of the cleaning formulation. Caustic cleaning led to a small increase in pore size of the NF270 membrane and resulted in a notable increase in the permeability and salt passage. By contrast, the impact on the NF90 membrane was negligible. The influence of caustic cleaning on TrOC rejection was dependent on physical characteristics of each TrOC including their molecular size, charge, and hydrophobicity. The rejection of neutral and hydrophobic TrOC by the NF270 membrane decreased significantly after exposure to caustic cleaning formulation. However, because the rejection of negatively charged TrOC is governed mostly by electrostatic interaction, their rejection was not significantly affected by caustic cleaning.

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Retention of a wide variety of organic pollutants by different nanofiltration/reverse osmosis membranes: controlling parameters of process

Cited by 218 publications

References 18 publications

Graphene membranes for water desalination

Graphene membranes for water desalination

Nanofiltration of Hormone Mimicking Trace Organic Contaminants

Effects of caustic cleaning on pore size of nanofiltration membranes and their rejection of trace organic chemicals

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