Retention and compartmentalization of lead and cadmium in wetland microcosms

DeBusk, Thomas A.; Laughlin, Roy B.; Schwartz, Larry N.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(96)00184-4

Cited by 55 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…(1983) also found that greater lead loadings in such systems resulted in greater lead retention in the substrates and noticed preferential lead retention compared to zinc. Debusk et al (1996) initially noticed gradual increases in sediment Pb concentrations in the top 0 Á/5cm profile, followed by a sharp increase in concentrations over time. They attributed this observation to sediment 'maturation' (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Ratios of sulphide:metal were significantly greater than 1, with the exception of iron. This implies that toxicity is not likely, at least for zinc and lead in these substrates, which is a widely documented conclusion and is explained by the fact that available metal cations will rapidly bind to prevailing reactive sulphide anions under reduced conditions (Allen et al 1993;Machemer et al 1993;Debusk et al . 1996;Wood and Shelley 1999).…”

Section: Acid Volatile Sulphide (Avs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…nutrients) (Hammer 1989;Moshiri 1993;Kadlec and Alvord 1989;Vymazal et al 1999;Mitsch and Gosselink 2000) and nonbiological wastes, such as metals (Hedin et al 1994;Gusek and Wildeman 2002;Younger et al 2002) for a number of years. They can provide an efficient facility for treating wastewater, while simultaneously offering ancillary benefits such as ecological niches (DeBusk et al 1996;Horstman et al 1998;O'Sullivan et al 2003). They can be of educational, recreational and spiritual value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While vegetation (through annual dieback) is crucial for renewing carbon supplies to sustain microbial activity in these systems, most of the metals and sulphur are retained in the substrates (Machemer et al 1993;Wood and Shelley 1999;Mays and Edwards 2001) rather than absorbed by vegetation. It is important to know the speciation of contaminants retained in substrates of treatment wetlands because some forms, such as metal sulphides, are immobile and thus considered relatively unavailable to biota (Debusk et al 1996;Wood and Shelley 1999;Chartier et al . 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also hypothesised that greater metal concentrations would be found in the upper substrate layers as metals do not typically migrate to deeper levels (Miller et al . 1983;Debusk et al 1996;Chagué-Goff and Rosen 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of Constructed Wetland Substrates by Chemical Sequential Extraction and X-Ray Diffraction Analyses

O’Sullivan¹,

Conlon²,

Moran³

et al. 2005

Biology & Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Acade

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Substrates from four-and-a-half year old constructed wetlands built to treat wastewater from an active metal mine were analysed for elevated metal and sulphur concentrations by chemical sequential extractions and X-ray diffraction analyses. Amounts of Fe, Pb, Zn and S were quantified in substrates from the first cells of multi-celled (in-series) treatment wetland systems at three different depths. The analyses showed that the majority of metals removed from the wastewater were retained in residual immobile forms in the upper 0 Á/5cm of the waterlogged anaerobic substrates. Although substantial concentrations of metals and sulphur were retained in the substrates, the amounts were generally not sufficient to allow accurate mineralogical identification by X-ray diffraction. Classification of the sediments using X-ray techniques was further confounded by the highly organic nature of the wetland substrates. These results suggest that chemical analyses of wetland substrates may still provide a clearer interpretation of metal accumulation over time, especially in wastewaters characterised by relatively low metal concentrations flowing through organically rich substrates. While X-ray diffraction can provide useful interpretation of sediment crystallography and mineralogy, there are limitations in using this technology to characterise young wetland substrates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Acid Volatile Sulphide (Avs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Characterisation of Constructed Wetland Substrates by Chemical Sequential Extraction and X-Ray Diffraction Analyses

O’Sullivan¹,

Conlon²,

Moran³

et al. 2005

Biology & Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Acade

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Phytoremediation by Constructed Wetlands

et al. 2004

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A constructed wetland is a wastewater treatment facility that duplicates the processes in natural wetlands. Constructed wetlands are complex, integrated systems in which water, plants, animals, microorganisms, and the environment interact to improve water quality. Phytoremediation, defined as cleansing of the environment using vegetation, is the primary water treatment process in constructed wetlands. The advantages of phytoremediation using constructed wetlands are that it is environmentally friendly, a sustainable technology, and cost‐effective; the primary disadvantages are potentially incomplete removal of pollutants and pest attraction. Successful implementation of phytoremediation technology in constructed wetlands is a function of a number of interrelated biophysicochemical factors, including the types and fate of toxicants, characteristics of soil and sediment, plant species and plant uptake, hydrology and water flow, and microbial population. Hence, phytoremediation by constructed wetlands generally reflects an integrated multidisciplinary effort that combines plant biology, microbiology, surface chemistry, hydrology, and environmental engineering. The initial construction of wetlands, taking into account all these factors to design the most appropriate and effective method for removing target pollutants is labor‐intensive and expensive, but low maintenance and operating costs make constructed wetlands a much more economically viable alternative to conventional physical and chemical treatments. Above all, the use of plants in environmental cleanup may guarantee a greener and cleaner planet for us and for future generations.

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The Effect of Both Different Light Conditions and the pH Value on the Capacity of Salvinia minima Baker for Removing Cadmium, Lead and Chromium

2002

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SummarySalvinia minima is a tropical aquatic floating plant, which has become a weed in the tropical and subtropical regions due to its high productivity and tolerance to a wide range of temperatures. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of two different light conditions (extreme light limiting conditions and non-limiting light conditions) and the pH (at different values, depending on the metal) on the capacity of Salvinia minima BAKER for accumulating and removing Cd (II), Pb (II) and Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions. The experimental units were exposed either to light and temperature "controlled" conditions (60 µmol/m 2 s and 25°C) or to the outdoor conditions of the City of Xalapa, Veracruz (subtropical region), during the period of April through June. It was found that under "controlled" conditions, the concentration of cadmium in the whole plant tissue was 10,930 mg/kg and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was 2,718. In the case of "outdoor" conditions (1,044 µmol/m 2 s), the Cd concentration in the tissue reached 11,262 mg/kg and the BCF 2,694, for the same metal initial concentration (4 ± 0.18 mg/l). Lead bioaccumulation was also high for both light conditions. Under "controlled" conditions, the metal concentration in the plants supplied with 3.0 ± 0.27 mg/l was 9,780.0 mg/kg and the BCF was 3,304. With an average light intensity of 336 µmol/m 2 s, lead concentration reached 7,705 and the BCF was 2,822. Under "controlled" conditions, a bioaccumulation of Cr (VI) of 3,111 mg/kg at an initial concentration of 4.0 ± 0.03 mg/l and a corresponding BCF of 784 were attained. The pH had a significant influence on the capacity of Salvinia to remove Cd (II). At an initial concentration of 4 mg/l, this effect was highest at pH 7.0 (84.58 ± 1.43%) under "controlled" conditions. However, under outdoor conditions, the pH did not exert a significant influence on the removal capacity of Salvinia for Cd (II), being in the range of 81.00 to 82.59% for the range of pH from 5.0 to 8.0. Cadmium removal by Salvinia minima occurred very quickly during the first 5 hours of incubation, regardless of the initial Cd (II) concentration or the light conditions, indicating the possible occurrence of adsorption to the root's surface. Lead removal by S. minima was independent of the pH in the range of pH 3.0 to 5.0, but it was affected by the light intensity. A maximum removal of 97.44% was achieved at pH 4.0; under outdoor conditions at an initial concentration of 3 mg Pb (II)/l. The removal percentage of Cr (VI) at pH 3.0 to 5.0 was also very limited.

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Retention and compartmentalization of lead and cadmium in wetland microcosms

Cited by 55 publications

References 13 publications

Characterisation of Constructed Wetland Substrates by Chemical Sequential Extraction and X-Ray Diffraction Analyses

Characterisation of Constructed Wetland Substrates by Chemical Sequential Extraction and X-Ray Diffraction Analyses

Phytoremediation by Constructed Wetlands

The Effect of Both Different Light Conditions and the pH Value on the Capacity of Salvinia minima Baker for Removing Cadmium, Lead and Chromium

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