Characterisation of Constructed Wetland Substrates by Chemical Sequential Extraction and X-Ray Diffraction Analyses

O’Sullivan, Aisling D.; Conlon, Ronald A.; Moran, Brendan; Otte, Marinus L.

doi:10.3318/bioe.2005.105.2.87

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…CWs have also been reported to have the potential for the treatment of tannery wastewater as an alternative to conventional biological systems (Calheiros et al, 2008). These may also be employed in treating wastewater for the removal of both biological wastes and non-biological wastes like heavy metals (O'Sullivan et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Anaerobic Digester-Constructed Wetlands System for Brewery Wastewater Treatment

Badejo

Ndambuki²,

Kupolati³

et al. 2014

Environment and Water Resource Management / 813: Modelling and Simulation / 814: Power and Energy Systems / 815: Health Informa

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The study examined the performance of an engineered system designed and constructed with anaerobic digester in treating brewery effluent. The pilot treatment system consisted of two 0.25 m 3 digesters and four Constructed Wetlands (CW) with each pair of CW connected in series. The CW consists of 1200 × 1000 × 1000 mm plastic tanks, filled with 500 mm deep, 10-15 mm size granite overlaid with 150 mm thick sand (C u = 1.15 and C c = 6.8) substrate. The pilot CW was planted with Phragmites Karka Retz. at 200 mm centres. Effluent collected from the brewery was analysed for physico-chemical parameters using standard procedures. Performance evaluation was carried out at 2, 5, 7 and 10 days retention periods in both the digester and CW. Results showed that the brewery effluent is characterised by high organic content with a Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of 5 1630 mg/l, which was reduced by 95.82% in the Anaerobic Digester-CW System combination, with about 60% of the BOD 5 reduction occurring in the Anaerobic Digester. The nitrate, phosphate and TSS were reduced by 80.96, 82.73 and 96.31% respectively in the CW. The study showed that Anaerobic Digester-CW combination has a high potential in brewery wastewater treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Anaerobic Digester-Constructed Wetlands System for Brewery Wastewater Treatment

Badejo

Ndambuki²,

Kupolati³

et al. 2014

Environment and Water Resource Management / 813: Modelling and Simulation / 814: Power and Energy Systems / 815: Health Informa

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“…Fraction 4 (residual) consists of metals bound to the mineral matter and is not bioavailable. The first three fractions are the bioavailable portion of the total metal content whilst the fourth constitutes no threat to the environment as no natural condition can be harsh enough to release the heavy metal from mineral binding [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Speciation is the determination of the different forms of an element which sum up to its total concentration in a sample. The heavy metals can be fractionated into four broad phases or fractions [12,13]. Fraction 1 (exchangeables) are metals bound as carbonates and are the easily available to biota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Environmental Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage in Ngwenya, Swaziland

Dlamini¹,

Fadiran²,

Thwala³

2013

JEP

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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an industrial pollution of prime concern for the whole world. It is the driving force for an array of water pollutants especially heavy metals. Heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) were investigated in this study. Water and sediment samples were collected from the Ngwenya Iron Ore Mine Quarry Dam to investigate the occurrence of AMD phenomenon in the old mine. The main Fe compounds found in the Ngwenya Mine ore are haematite and pyrite. The Quarry Dam is located in one of the mine pits and it has neither visible inlet nor outlet. Physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC, ORP, T) were determined in the water by Electrochemical methods using the WTW 340i probes. Anions in the water were quantified by Ion Chromatography (IC) whereas heavy metals in water and sediments were quantified by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The BCR-Sequential Extraction procedure was used to speciate the heavy metals in the sediment samples. The mean pH of 4.34 in the Quarry Dam water is comparable to the pH of other AMD polluted water. The high mean EC of 4.522 mS/cm depicted that the water was laden with ions which are dissolved from the ore by the AMD. The sulfate ion, a well-known indicator for AMD pollution in water, is the second dominant anion where the order isThe heavy metal levels in water and sediments were in the order Co > Ni > Cr >Zn > Mn > Cu > Fe > Cd > Pb and Fe > Mn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd > Cu > Zn respectively. The heavy metals are all bioavailable, hence they are potential health risks to both biota and residents in the vicinity of the mine. The pH of the water in the Quarry dam is comparable to those obtained for some other AMD polluted water. It is inferred that AMD is being produced in the old mine. It is recommended that an Environmental Impact Assessment of AMD must be carried out before the mine is re-opened.

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“…It is worth noting that the yellow-boy water from the wetland recorded high levels of some metals (Mn and Fe). This suggests that wetlands can be used to naturally attenuate dissolved heavy metals in the environment [27]. All the water bodies were free from Cu, Pb and Zn pollution.…”

Section: Heavy Metals In Watermentioning

confidence: 97%

Environmental Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage Pollution on Surface Water Bodies around Ngwenya Mine, Swaziland

Fadiran¹,

Dlamini²,

Thwala³

2014

JEP

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Twenty-three water samples and three "yellow boy" samples were obtained from different water bodies located at the foot of the Ngwenya Mountain on top of which the old Ngwenya Iron Ore Mine is located. The samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), redox potential (ORP) and temperature (T). The dominant Fe species was determined using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Selected anions namely: halogens (F − , Br − , Cl −), the nutrients (2 NO − , 3 NO − , 4 PO 3−) and the best indicator for AMD pollution (4 SO 2−) were analysed using Ion Chromatography (IC) while the selected heavy metals, namely: Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The physico-chemical parameters ranges obtained were pH (6.32-8.63), EC (11.00-585.33 µS/cm), ORP (−93.67-79.33 mV) and T (7.60˚C-18.57˚C). The levels of the Fe species (ppm) in the water samples were Fe 2+ (0.56-3.17) and Fe 3+ (0.00-0.73). Measured mean anion ranges in ppm were F-(0.00-0.15), Cl − (1.5-11.19), 3 NO − (0-13.25) and 4 SO 2− (0.05-22.29). The mean ranges for the heavy metals in the water samples in mg/l were Cr (0.00-2.46), Mn (0.00-0.30), Fe (0.00-0.34), Ni (0.00-0.34), Co (0.00-0.29), Cu (0.00-0.07), and Cd ((0.01-0.11) whilst Zn and Pb were not detectible. The average pH in all the sites was within the acceptable range (6.5-8.5) according to WHO standards except for two sites. Fe 2+ was the dominant Fe species in the water samples. The water was free from anion pollution because all measured anion levels were below the guideline by WHO. The relative percentages of sites polluted by the respective heavy metals were: Cd (83%), Cr (71%), Ni (46%), Co (42%), Mn (17%), Fe (4%) while no site was polluted by Cu, Zn and Pb. The State needs to set up sound remediation strategies to save the populations around the Ngwenya Mine from the heavy metal pollution they are exposed to by using water polluted by the mining activities.

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Characterisation of Constructed Wetland Substrates by Chemical Sequential Extraction and X-Ray Diffraction Analyses

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Performance of Anaerobic Digester-Constructed Wetlands System for Brewery Wastewater Treatment

Performance of Anaerobic Digester-Constructed Wetlands System for Brewery Wastewater Treatment

A Study of Environmental Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage in Ngwenya, Swaziland

Environmental Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage Pollution on Surface Water Bodies around Ngwenya Mine, Swaziland

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