Results of Pharmacotherapy of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Assessment Using Neuropsychological Methods

Abstract

Attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most widespread disorders in children and adolescents. It occurs in about 5% of children and is more common in boys than girls, with a ratio of 2:1 [1]. ADHD is characterized by a protracted course, but it susceptible to treatment with contemporary agents.Diagnoses are based on international clinical criteria, including lists of the most typical and clearly apparent symptoms. However, the identifi cation of objective signs of ADHD in children involves some diffi culties because of the fact that the patient's status can change in various situations and at different times, as well as in relation to types of activity and the child's attitudes to them. This presents specialists with the need to design investigations such that the child's behavioral characteristics are assessed not only during medical examination, but also at home, at school, and in other non-medical contexts. It is therefore important to obtain relevant reports from parents, carers, and teachers using surveys and specially designed questionnaires. It should be emphasized that assessment of ADHD symptoms using surveys is only the initial stage of diagnosis, which must be followed by detailed psychological investigation.During the psychological investigation of children with ADHD, assessment methods address not only general mental development, but also individual higher mental functions, particularly attention and memory. It is important to discriminate the various types and properties of attention. Sustained attention is the ability to maintain the required response during prolonged and repeated activity, so this property of attention is often termed continuity or stability; selective attention has two types, focused and distributed; focused attention is linked with properties of attention such as targeting, and is the ability to respond in a defi ned way to specifi c stimuli; distributed attention is the ability to run several cognitive operations during the performance of a given task. A further property of attention is its ability to undergo switching, which refl ects the fl exibility of cognitive processes.As regards neuroanatomy, i.e., the structural basis for attention, this is considered [2] to consist of three systems: the vigilance system, which includes the fi elds of the frontal and parietal cortex, mainly of the right hemisphere, the oriStudy aim. To investigate the dynamics of measures of behavior, attention, and memory during treatment with Noofen (250-mg capsules) in children with attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and methods. A total of 50 patients taking part in an open study were divided into two groups of 25 patients: patients of group 1 received Noofen while patients of group 2 (controls) received only low doses of multivitamins. Treatment lasted one month. Noofen was given at doses of 15-20 mg/kg (500-750 mg) per day using 250-mg capsules, as two or three doses. Results and conclusions. Neuropsychological test results at the end of one month o...

Психологический Характер Исследования Адаптации Гиперактивных Младших Школьников К Школе

“…С.В.Коноваленконың тұжырымдауынша, баланың әлеуметтік жетілгендігі оның құрдастарымен қарымқатынасты қажетсінуінен, кіші топтардаөз әрекетін бақылай алуынан, мектепте оқушы рөліне енуінен көрінеді. [9].…”

Microcapsules made of sodium alginate for the prolonged release of phenibut

“…At present, the establishment of the new drug formulations for such derivative of GABA as γ-amino-βphenylbutyric acid hydrochloride (phenibut) characterized by a prolonged action is quite actual [20,21].…”