Ressources tropicales : disponibilité et valeur alimentaire

Archimède, Harry; Bastianelli, Denis; Boval, Maryline; Tran, Gilles; Sauvant, Daniel

doi:10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.1.3235

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Poorer feeds may also be used, for example household wastes (35 g/kg DM on average) or leaves (22 g/kg DM on average), mostly in developing countries. Those feeds may be pivotal in arid regions during dry periods (Archimède et al, 2011). Getting a full description of livestock diet protein contents is difficult, especially for fodder, residues and grasses.…”

Section: Proteins In Livestock Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This should not hide the high variability and low protein contents (at least compared to stable high levels of cakes available at present on global markets) of other sources. Technological and research investments will certainly be necessary for characterizing, and improving local self-sufficiency in plant proteins for feed (Archimède et al, 2011). In India for instance, such experimental programs (associating research and inventory of local products, extension and NTIC technologies) involving small farmers are designed (Garg, 2012).…”

Section: Drivers Of Evolutions Of Global Feed Protein Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, a large part of ruminant livestock diet is based on natural resources -typically pasture grass -in quantities that are poorly known. These sources have compositions (primarily energy and protein contents) that vary according to location, season and browsing feeding preferences (Archimède et al, 2011). FAOSTAT global agricultural data provide detailed information on crop feed sources but omit other important feed sources such as fodder, wastes, grass and leaves and some byproducts (i.e., pulps and dregs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feeding proteins to livestock: Global land use and foodvs.feed competition

Manceron¹,

Ben-Ari

Dumas

2014

OCL

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Competition between direct consumption of plant production and the feeding of livestock is key to global food availability. This is because livestock consume edible commodities that could be available for (food insecure) populations but also because it diverts arable land from food production. The share of total plant production redirected towards feeding livestock is (roughly) known but estimations of land surfaces virtually occupied by livestock production are scarce. In this study, following up on the Agrimonde Terra project, we estimate areas devoted to the feeding livestock. First, we estimate the protein composition of an averaged feed basket at the global scale in 2005 and detail the evolution of the protein-source feed component during the period 1961-2009. We focus on protein-rich crops such as oil crops and show its proportion in the global livestock diets has tripled since 1960, though only accounting for about one fourth of total proteins. Then, we estimate land virtually occupied by crop feed at the global scale using a set of straightforward hypotheses. Our estimates suggest that, although livestock and feed production has continuously increased and despite uncertainties in available data, competition for land between feed and food uses has decreased over the last two decades. The share of areas cultivated for feed requirements decreased from about 50% in the 1970s to 37% nowadays. This trend is attributable to the increase of crop yields and to a decrease of the share of cereals in livestock diets to the benefit of oilseeds by-products. However, estimating the share of total areas used for feed is complicated by the significant role played by by-products. Keywords: Land use / competition for land / feed composition / oil crops / food security Résumé-Les protéines pour le bétail mondial : usage des terres et compétition entre alimentation humaine et animale. La production agricole peut être utilisée directement pour l'alimentation humaine ou servir d'abord pour l'alimentation animale. Cette compétition, qui s'exerce au niveau des produits alimentaires mais aussi en amont sur les terres agricoles, est un facteur clé de la disponibilité alimentaire mondiale. Alors qu'on connaît déjà approximativement la part de la production utilisée en alimentation animale, la prospective Agrimonde Terra nous permet dans cet article d'estimer les surfaces mobilisées pour ces usages, dont certaines le sont indirectement ou virtuellement. Nous analysons d'abord la composition des régimes animaux exprimée en protéines, à l'échelon mondial en 2005, puis son évolution entre 1961 et 2009. La contribution des oléoprotéagineux n'est que de 25 % mais elle a triplé depuis 1961. À partir de là, la formulation de quelques hypothèses est nécessaire pour estimer les surfaces virtuellement cultivées pour l'alimentation animale car définir les terres dédiée à l'alimentation animale n'est pas trivial en raison de la prise en compte des coproduits issus d'une même culture. Malgré des incertitudes importantes dans les données disponibl...

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Section: Proteins In Livestock Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drivers Of Evolutions Of Global Feed Protein Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feeding proteins to livestock: Global land use and foodvs.feed competition

Manceron¹,

Ben-Ari

Dumas

2014

OCL

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“…This group of insects exhibits a life cycle of incomplete metamorphosis, in which the nymph has a resemblance with the adult but lacks the reproductive potential. The grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus has been known to have a high capacity for destroying farm crops causing great economic losses to farmers [23]. Previous study has demonstrated the activity and kinetics of cellulase enzyme in the grasshopper Hieroglyphus banian [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Vitro Effects of Ricinus Communis Seed Kernel Extract On Some Antioxidant And Hydrolytic Enzymes In Nymph And Adult Zonocerus Variegatus (Grasshopper)

Adeleke

Adedosu

Adeyi

et al. 2019

PAJOLS

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Background: Many plants have been identified for their insecticidal properties as alternatives to synthetic ones, which are toxic to untargeted organisms and environment. Ricinus communis (Castor) has been re-ported to exhibit insecticidal properties against insect pests. Zonocerus variegatus (Grasshopper) is a notable pest of several crops, and has been linked with great economic losses to farmers. The present study investigates the in-vitro toxicity of R. communis seed kernel extract (RCSKE) on the activities of selected antioxidant and hydrolytic enzymes in nymph and adult Zonocerus variegatus (Grasshopper), using cypermethrin (CYPER-M) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) as standard conventional pesticides. Methods: Seed kernel of Ricinus communis (Castor) was subjected to acidified aqueous extraction to obtain the extract (RCSKE). Crude enzyme preparations were obtained from nymph and adult Z. variegatus grass-hoppers. The in-vitro effects of different concentrations (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105μg/ml) each of RCSKE, CYPER-M and CPF on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterase (CES) in crude enzyme preparations were estimated spectrophotometrically. The level of statistical significance was 0.05. Results: The RCSKE significantly reduced the in-vitro SOD activity (p < 0.05) in nymph Z. variegatus at all the concentrations, whereas both CYPER-M and CPF significantly reduced the activity only at certain concentrations. The CAT activity in the nymph was significantly decreased by RCSKE and CPF at all the concentrations, but CYPER-M decreased it only at certain concentrations. In adult Z. variegatus, SOD activity was not significantly affected (p > 0.05), while CAT activity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) by the three agents at all the concentrations. The AChE and CES activities in the nymph were significantly reduced by RCSKE, CYPER-M and CPF at all the concentrations. The RCSKE and CPF significantly increased the CES activity, while CYPER-M caused a significant decrease in the activity in adult Z. variegatus. Conclusion: The seed kernel extract of Ricinus communis is an effective pesticidal agent and hence, it could be a source of biopesticide alternative with greater potential than cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos. In addition, the antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase enzymes in the nymphs of Z. variegatus grasshoppers are more susceptible to the effect of the extract than in the adult grasshoppers.

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“…Pour bien nourrir leurs bovins, les producteurs doivent avoir un accès constant à des pâturages, des fourrages et des aliments en quantité suffisante et si possible de bonne qualité (Sanon et al, 2014). La variabilité de la quantité et de la qualité des ressources alimentaires pendant l'année est un facteur limitant très important de la production des bovins (Archimède et al, 2011;Zampaligré, 2012). L'ajustement de l'offre alimentaire aux besoins des animaux est une tâche importante pour le producteur, car elle conditionne la rentabilité et la réussite d'un projet d'élevage familial.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Altrop, un calculateur des rations des bovins pour l’accompagnement des projets d’élevage familiaux

Delma¹,

Bougouma-Yameogo²,

Nacro³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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Cette étude a été soutenue grâce au financement du projet Options d'intensification durable (AusAid, Coraf) et par une subvention de doctorat Aird/Cirad. RÉSUMÉ Au Burkina Faso, les producteurs ont des difficultés à satisfaire les besoins alimentaires de leurs bovins (boeufs de trait, vaches laitières, bovins à l'engraissement) en fonction de leur niveau de production et à certaines saisons. L'étude avait pour but de présenter un outil permettant de mieux gérer l'alimentation de lots de bovins, en prenant en compte la logique des pratiques d'alimentation des producteurs, tout en intégrant les références zootechniques permettant d'ajuster l'offre aux besoins alimentaires des animaux. Altrop est un calculateur permettant d'ajuster l'offre alimentaire proposée à un lot de bovins affectés à une production particulière aux besoins de ces derniers. Il permet de simuler des scénarios d'amélioration des stratégies d'alimentation, de voir rapidement les effets sur l'ajustement de l'offre aux besoins, et de calculer les stocks de fourrages et d'aliments nécessaires à la réalisation de ces scénarios. En réduisant les déséquilibres des pratiques d'alimentation, souvent observées chez les producteurs, Altrop permet d'améliorer la rentabilité des projets d'élevage familiaux.

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Ressources tropicales : disponibilité et valeur alimentaire

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Feeding proteins to livestock: Global land use and foodvs.feed competition

Feeding proteins to livestock: Global land use and foodvs.feed competition

In-Vitro Effects of Ricinus Communis Seed Kernel Extract On Some Antioxidant And Hydrolytic Enzymes In Nymph And Adult Zonocerus Variegatus (Grasshopper)

Altrop, un calculateur des rations des bovins pour l’accompagnement des projets d’élevage familiaux

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