Response to Comment on "Status and Trends of Amphibian Declines and Extinctions Worldwide"

Stuart, Simon N.; Chanson, Janice; Cox, Neil A.; Young, Bruce E.; Rodrigues, Ana S. L.; Fischman, Debra L.; Waller, Robert W.

doi:10.1126/science.1113265

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…No species in the areas is included in the IBAMA ("Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis", the Brazilian governmental agency for the environment and natural resources) list of Brazilian threatened amphibians , but it must be considered that there are two Brazilian lists containing two very different sets of threatened species: the IBAMA list with 24 species and the GAA list including 110 species (Baillie et al, 2004;Stuart et al, 2005). If its identity is confirmed, Physalaemus cf.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…moreirae recorded at PECB will be included in GAA list as Data Deficient but it might be considered of Least Concern by the IBAMA list. Discrepancy between both lists reflects two different attitudes towards conservation status assessment, an evidentiary (IBAMA) and a precautionary point of view (GAA) (Baillie et al, 2004, Pimenta et al, 2005, Stuart et al, 2005. The GAA attitude is here preferred because this species is endemic to Atlantic rainforest, which is severely divided into small (< 7,000 km 2 ) isolated fragments, with only 3,000 km 2 of forest included in protected areas (Brooks & Balmford, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary vegetation consists of a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest associated to the Planalto Ocidental do Estado de São Paulo. The altitude varies from 520 to 680 m. This forest has some extremely well-preserved portions, housing many threatened plant and animal species (Tabanez et al, 2005), and also lies in the Cerrado-Caatinga-Chaco Domain.…”

Section: Caetetus Ecological Station (Estação Ecológica Dementioning

confidence: 99%

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Species composition and similarities among anuran assemblages of forest sites in southeastern Brazil

Bertoluci¹,

Brassaloti

Júnior

et al. 2007

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Neotropical forests show high anuran species richness, but some Brazilian forest formations, like cerradão, semideciduous forests and restingas, remain poorly known. The composition of anuran species were determined for four forest sites belonging to different biomes in southeastern Brazil, based on two complementary techniques (visual encounter survey and survey on breeding sites), both applied simultaneously. A total of 60 anuran species belonging to eight families was recorded. Species richness and levels of endemism were higher in the Atlantic rainforest site. Sites located in the Cerrado domain were more alike than those located in the Atlantic Forest Domain. Similarity in anuran species composition was negatively correlated to the geographical distance among sites, which explains part of similarities in species composition. Factors affecting these occurrence patterns are discussed. One species (if its identity is confirmed) is considered Data Deficient by IUCN (The World Conservation Union), though it is not included in the Brazilian list of threatened amphibians. The presence of certain species with special habitats and microclimate requirements (bioindicators) suggests well-preserved ecosystems. RESUMO: As florestas neotropicais apresentam altas riquezas de espécies de anuros, mas algumas formações florestais brasileiras, como o cerradão, as florestas semidecíduas e as restingas, permanecem pouco conhecidas. A composição de espécies de anuros de quatro áreas florestais pertencentes a diferentes biomas do sudeste do Brasil foi determinada com base em duas técnicas complementares (procura visual e investigação nos sítios reprodutivos), aplicadas de forma simultânea. Registramos um total de 60 espécies de anuros, incluídas em oito famílias. A riqueza de espécies e o nível de endemismo foram maiores na área coberta por floresta pluvial atlântica. As áreas localizadas no domínio do Cerrado foram mais similares entre si do que as áreas localizadas no domínio da Mata Atlântica. Os índices de similaridade mostraram-se negativamente relacionados com a distância geográfica entre as áreas, explicando parte das similaridades observadas. Os fatores que influenciam os padrões de ocorrência são discutidos. Uma das espécies (caso sua identidade seja confirmada) é considerada como Deficiente em Dados pela IUCN (The World Conservation Union), mas não está incluída na lista da fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção. A presença de certas espécies com requisitos especiais de hábitat e microclima (bioindicadores) sugerem que os ecossistemas estão bem-preservados. Palavras-chave: anfíbios, riqueza de espécies, ambientes de floresta, biodiversidade, conservação

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Caetetus Ecological Station (Estação Ecológica Dementioning

confidence: 99%

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Species composition and similarities among anuran assemblages of forest sites in southeastern Brazil

Bertoluci¹,

Brassaloti

Júnior

et al. 2007

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…Nowadays 31 of the Brazilian anuran species are listed as globally threatened (IUCN, 2012), and 16 as nationally threatened (Haddad, 2008). Even though the number of threatened species in Brazil has been a matter of debate (Pimenta et al, 2005;Stuart et al, 2004Stuart et al, , 2005Morais et al, 2012), a high proportion (25%) of species listed as Data Deficient may be found in Brazil and it indicates a high level of uncertainty about the conservation status of amphibians within the country and may affect the effectiveness of conservation actions (Trindade-Filho et al, 2012;Verdade et al, 2012). Herein, our main objective is to suggest a strategic framework to help overcome the uncertainty regarding the conservation status of species, using anurans in Brazil as a case study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the conservation status of Data Deficient species

Morais

Siqueira

Lemes

et al. 2013

Biological Conservation

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Many species are classified as Data Deficient, because there is a knowledge gap about distribution range and population size and trends. This situation may be a problem in conservation, because the extinction risk of these species is unknown. In the present study, we analyzed all Brazilian anuran species classified as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List to propose a method to know the conservation status of Data Deficient species. We used the time since species description coupled with the known current species distribution size to indicate the potential conservation status of Data Deficient species. We considered 231 Data Deficient anuran species in Brazil, in which most species (n = 166 spp.) are newly described and restricted geographically (Group D). Group A (n = 9 spp.) and C (n = 18 spp.) were composed by species widely distributed and Group B (n = 37 spp.) was composed by species described more than 50 years ago and geographically restricted. Data Deficient is not a threatened category, however it indicates a need to obtain more information about the species listed, but unfortunately financial resource is limited. We suggested that the species allocated in the group B in our analyses must be priorities in future studies, because it is possible that these are threatened. Our analysis used the amphibian anuran from Brazil as model to propose some action that may be useful to known the conservation status of Data Deficient species.

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“…Over the years, revisions and adjustments in the criteria used to assess the level of extinction threat of species have significantly improved the reliability of the IUCN Red List (Mace et al ., ). However, subjectivity is still used to rank the status of many species (Akçakaya et al ., ; Clements et al ., ), especially in data‐poor regions such as Brazil (Pimenta et al ., ; Stuart et al ., ), which harbours a substantial proportion of the New World anurans (nearly 30%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially explicit analyses highlight idiosyncrasies: species extinctions and the loss of evolutionary history

Batista¹,

Gouveia²,

Silvano

et al. 2013

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Scenarios of species extinction have been created to assess how the loss of species affects the loss of evolutionary history (EH). However, estimates of the rate of EH loss at regional scales are scarce. Here we provide the first estimate of projected EH loss of New World anurans encompassing both continental and regional scales. Location New World. Methods We implemented two distinct extinction scenarios to investigate variations in rates of EH loss, contrasted through a suboptimality index. The analytical procedure was carried out on a continental scale, comprising all 3017 New World anuran species, and on a regional scale, for each of the 3858 cells of the grid, according to the species assemblage within each cell. Results About 64% of the EH of the New World anurans would still exist even if half of the New World anurans go extinct, regardless of whether extinction is random or threatened species go extinct first. The extinction of all 951 threatened anuran species in the New World, or the same number of species chosen randomly from the 3017 total, would cause similar loss of EH. However, spatially explicit analyses that account for idiosyncrasies in the phylogenetic structure and threat status of each regional assemblage show that EH loss caused by extinction of threatened species is uneven across the continent. Main conclusions Conservation strategies that aim to mitigate pressures on EH loss must be designed with a focus on regional spatial scales, in order to embody the phylogenetic structure and threat status of species that are particular to each assemblage.

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Response to Comment on "Status and Trends of Amphibian Declines and Extinctions Worldwide"

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Species composition and similarities among anuran assemblages of forest sites in southeastern Brazil

Species composition and similarities among anuran assemblages of forest sites in southeastern Brazil

Unraveling the conservation status of Data Deficient species

Spatially explicit analyses highlight idiosyncrasies: species extinctions and the loss of evolutionary history

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