Many species are classified as Data Deficient, because there is a knowledge gap about distribution range and population size and trends. This situation may be a problem in conservation, because the extinction risk of these species is unknown. In the present study, we analyzed all Brazilian anuran species classified as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List to propose a method to know the conservation status of Data Deficient species. We used the time since species description coupled with the known current species distribution size to indicate the potential conservation status of Data Deficient species. We considered 231 Data Deficient anuran species in Brazil, in which most species (n = 166 spp.) are newly described and restricted geographically (Group D). Group A (n = 9 spp.) and C (n = 18 spp.) were composed by species widely distributed and Group B (n = 37 spp.) was composed by species described more than 50 years ago and geographically restricted. Data Deficient is not a threatened category, however it indicates a need to obtain more information about the species listed, but unfortunately financial resource is limited. We suggested that the species allocated in the group B in our analyses must be priorities in future studies, because it is possible that these are threatened. Our analysis used the amphibian anuran from Brazil as model to propose some action that may be useful to known the conservation status of Data Deficient species.

ResumoO Cerrado é o segundo maior bioma brasileiro, sendo um dos mais alterados por ação antrópica. Atualmente, foi considerado um dos 25 hotspots de biodiversidade, sendo que poucas informações a respeito de sua fauna estão disponíveis em literatura, especialmente para a herpetofauna. Desta maneira, realizamos a caracterização das assembleias de anfíbios e répteis da Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Silvânia com o objetivo de contribuir com o conhecimento da herpetofauna do Cerrado e subsidiar estratégias para conservação deste grupo. O presente estudo foi conduzido entre os meses de julho/2008 a junho/2009, perfazendo um total de 21 visitas ao campo em 84 dias de amostragem. A amostragem foi realizada por procura ativa e utilização de armadilhas de interceptação-e-queda, sendo os resultados complementados por informações disponíveis em literatura. Foram registradas 65 espécies, sendo 33 de anfíbios anuros e 32 espécies de répteis pertencentes às ordens Testudines e Squamata. Dentre as espécies de anuros registradas, quatro representam novas ocorrências para FLONA de Silvânia (Elachistocleis cf. cesarii, Odontophrynus salvatori, Physalaemus sp. (aff. albonotatus) e Scinax aff. similis). Em relação aos répteis, trata-se da primeira caracterização do grupo para a área, sendo registrada uma espécie de quelônio, 14 lagartos e 17 serpentes. O presente inventário amplia o conhecimento sobre a herpetofauna do Cerrado, contribuindo para a elaboração de ações de conservação neste bioma.Palavras-chave: anfíbios, répteis, assembleias, Goiás. AbstractThe Brazilian savanna is the second largest biome in Brazil and one of the most altered due to anthropic action. Nowadays, it is considered one of the 25 hotspots of biodiversity, whereas little information about its fauna is available in literature. This gap is even bigger when treating about amphibians and reptiles. These animals are less studied and are found in the Cerrado biome about 150 amphibians and 260 reptile species. With the objectives of contributing to the knowledge of the Brazilian savanna herpetofauna and to support conservation strategies for these groups, this paper characterizes the amphibian and reptile assemblies at National Forest (FLONA) of Silvânia. Some studies about herpetofauna local have been done, such as natural history and description of vocalizations of amphibians and diet and geographic distribution of some reptile species. The present study was done from July/2008 to June/2009, totalizing 21 field visits in 84 days of effective sampling. The sampling was performed by active search and pitfall traps with drift fences and, furthermore, information of literature was compiled. We found 65 species, of which 33 were amphibians (only anurans) and 32 were reptiles (Testudines and Squamata) species. Among the anurans species, four (Elachistocleis cf. cesarii, Odontophrynus salvatori,

Allometric constraint is a product of natural selection and physical laws, particularly with respect to body size and traits constrained by properties thereof, such as metabolism, longevity, and vocal frequency. Allometric relationships are often conserved across lineages, indicating that physical constraints dictate scaling patterns in deep time, despite substantial genetic and ecological divergence among organisms.In particular, acoustic allometry (sound frequency ~ body size) is conserved across frogs, in defiance of massive variation in both body size and frequency. Here, we ask how many instances of allometric escape have occurred across the frog tree of life using a Bayesian framework that estimates the location, number, and magnitude of shifts in the adaptive landscape of acoustic allometry. Moreover, we test whether ecology in terms of calling site could affect these relationships. We find that calling site has a major influence on acoustic allometry. Despite this, we identify only four major instances of allometric escape, potentially deriving from ecomorphological adaptations to new signal modalities. In these instances of allometric escape, the optima and strength of the scaling relationship are different than expected for most other frog species, representing new adaptive regimes of body size ~ call frequency.Allometric constraints on frog calls are highly conserved and have rarely allowed escape, despite frequent invasions of new adaptive regimes and dramatic ecomorphological divergence. Our results highlight the rare instances in which natural and sexual selection combined can overcome physical constraints on sound production. K E Y W O R D S adaptive evolution, advertisement call, anurans, evolution, phylogenetic comparative methods | 3687 TONINI eT al. S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: Tonini JFR, Provete DB, Maciel NM, et al. Allometric escape from acoustic constraints is rare for frog calls.

Advertisement calls are often used as essential basic information in studies of animal behaviour, ecology, evolution, conservation, taxonomy or biodiversity inventories. Yet the description of this type of acoustic signals is far to be completed, especially in tropical regions, and is frequently non-standardized or limited in information, restricting the application of bioacoustics in science. Here we conducted a scientometric review of the described adverstisement calls of anuran species of Brazil, the world richest territory in anurans, to evaluate the amount, standard and trends of the knowledge on this key life-history trait and to identify gaps and directions for future research strategies. Based on our review, 607 studies have been published between 1960 to 2016 describing the calls of 719 Brazilian anuran species (68.8% of all species), a publication rate of 10.6 descriptions per year. From each of these studies, thirty-one variables were recorded and examined with descriptive and inferential statistics. In spite of an exponential rise over the last six decades in the number of studies, described calls, and quantity of published metadata, as revealed by regression models, clear shortfalls were identified with regard to anuran families, biomes, and categories of threat. More than 55% of these species belong to the two richest families, Hylidae or Leptodactylidae. The lowest percentage of species with described calls corresponds to the most diverse biomes, namely Atlantic Forest (65.1%) and Amazon (71.5%), and to the IUCN categories of threat (56.8%), relative to the less-than-threatened categories (74.3%). Moreover, only 52.3% of the species have some of its calls deposited in the main scientific sound collections. Our findings evidence remarkable knowledge gaps on advertisement calls of Brazilian anuran species, emphasizing the need of further efforts in standardizing and increasing the description of anuran calls for their application in studies of the behaviour, ecology, biogeography or taxonomy of the species.

amphibians associated to water bodies in Southwest of Goiás State (Brazil). Biota Neotrop. 11(3): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n3/en/abstract?inventory +bn03611032011Abstract: the Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil and is considered one of most important among the biodiversity hotspots. In this biome can be found about 150 anurans species, from which 30% are endemic. However, there are many Cerrado areas that have little information gathered about the anuran biodiversity. thus, in this study we present the result of an inventory of anurans species from the southwest region of Goiás State (Central Brazil). In this region, we sampled 45 water bodies, located near soybean and sugar-cane cultures, pastures and natural vegetation, from November/2007 to February/2008 and from November/2008 to March/2009. Altogether, adults and tadpoles of 36 species were registered, with the majority of species registered in association to open areas. The rarefied curve of species richness show an asymptote formation, which indicates that the chance to add species to the inventory is low, even with additional habitats sampling. therefore, our results reveal high species richness in the present sampled region, which represented almost one fourth of all species found in Cerrado. Keywords: Brazilian savanna, species distribution, central Brazil.MORAIS, A.R., SIGNORELLI, L., GAMBALE, P.G., KOPP, K., NOMURA, F., GUIMARÃES, L.D., VAZ-SILVA, W., RAMOS, J. & BAStOS, R.P. Anfíbios anuros associados a corpos d'água do sudoeste do estado de Goiás (Brasil). Biota Neotrop. 11(3): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n3/pt/abstract?inve ntory+bn03611032011Resumo: O Cerrado é o segundo maior bioma brasileiro e é considerado um dos mais importantes hotspots de biodiversidade. Neste bioma foram registradas cerca de 150 espécies de anuros, das quais 30% são endêmicas. Entretanto, existem muitas áreas ainda não inventariadas, nas quais não se conhece quase nada sobre a diversidade de anuros. Assim, neste estudo apresentamos informações referentes a anurofauna do sudoeste do Estado de Goiás (Brasil Central), a qual vem sendo modificada principalmente pela agropecuária. Nesta região, 45 corpos d'água foram amostrados entre os meses de novembro/2007 a fevereiro/2008 e novembro/2008 a março/2009, localizados próximos a plantações de soja, cana-de-açúcar, pastagem e vegetação nativa. No total, foram registrados adultos e girinos de 36 espécies de anuros, a maioria comum de áreas abertas. As curvas de acumulação de espécies, tanto para adultos quanto para girinos, apresentaram a formação de uma assíntota, o que indica uma baixa probabilidade de registro de novas espécies mesmo com a amostragem de outros corpos d'água. Nesta área com forte influência de impactos agrícolas, a riqueza encontrada representa aproximadamente 1/4 do total de espécies conhecidas para o bioma Cerrado. Palavras-chaves: cerrado, distribuição de espécies, Brasil central.

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