Response of the Canadian Permafrost Environment to Climatic Change

Woo, Ming‐ko; Lewkowicz, Antoni G.; Rouse, Wayne R.

doi:10.1080/02723646.1992.10642459

Cited by 107 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…The poleward movement of the permafrost zones is clear, and the systematic increase in the thickness of the seasonally thawed layer of the permafrost could release large amounts of CO 2 into the atmosphere (e.g. Woo et al 1992, Anisimov & Nelson 1997. The potential change in the depth and duration of soil frost in the seasonal soil frost zone may also have large ecological and economical consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of climate change on soil frost under snow cover in a forested landscape

Venäläinen¹,

Tuomenvirta²,

Heikinheimo³

et al. 2001

Clim. Res.

115

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This study was aimed at assessing the potential impacts of climate change on the depth and duration of soil frost under snow cover in forests growing at different geographical locations in Finland. Frost simulations using a process-based forest ecosystem model (FinnFor) were made for Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. stands (height 17 m, stand density 1100 stems ha -1 ) growing on a moraine sandy soil. The climate change forecast used in the computations was based on the global ocean-atmosphere general circulation model HadCM2 that was dynamically downscaled to the regional level. The simulated climate warming during the winter months was about 4 to 5°C by the end of the 21st century. Frost simulations showed that the length of the soil frost period would lessen all over the country. Though winters will be warmer, the associated decrease in snow cover in southern Finland will increase the probability of frozen ground there in the middle of winter compared with the current climate. In central and northern Finland there will be so much snow, even in the future, that the maximum annual soil frost depth will decrease there.KEY WORDS: Climate change · Soil frost · Soil freezing · Snow cover · Hydraulic frost model · Scots pine Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherClim Res 17: [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] 2001 The modelling of frost in the soil profile under snowfree surfaces can be done with the help of the frost sum and soil properties (e.g. Saarelainen 1992, McCormick 1993, Venäläinen et al. 2001. The frost sum is the sum of below-0°C daily mean temperatures calculated from the beginning of the frost period. In Scandinavia the frost period typically starts in October and ends in May, in northern Lapland in June. If there is snow on the ground, the modelling of soil temperature becomes more complex. Models must include many variables describing both meteorological conditions, such as air temperature, short and long wave radiation, amount and type of snow, and soil characteristics, such as thermal conductivity and soil heat capacity (e.g. Bonan 1991, Cox et al. 1999. The influence of snow cover on temperature is illustrated in Fig. 1. The daily variation of air temperature in the case of late winter conditions can be more than 20°C, whereas at a depth of 80 cm below the snow surface the daily cycle is practically negligible.Jansson (1991) introduced a comprehensive soil model known as SOIL that includes the processes relevant for the calculation of soil temperature. Kellomäki & Väi-sänen (1997) have integrated this SOIL model into a process-based forest ecosystem model (FinnFor), which links ecosystem dynamics with climate through selected physiological processes. Peltola et al. (1999) used this model when they studied the consequences of climate warming on soil frost and on the windthrow risk for trees in different geographical locations in Finland. Peltola et al. (1999) used 2 options for climate warming: the increase of temperature was estimated to be...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of climate change on soil frost under snow cover in a forested landscape

Venäläinen¹,

Tuomenvirta²,

Heikinheimo³

et al. 2001

Clim. Res.

115

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“…One of the consequences of a general warming trend in air temperature is the evolution of tundra ecosystems in the continuous permafrost zone, as was reported by, among others, Woo et al (1992), Anisimov and Nelson (1996), Humlum et al (2003), Kostrzewski et al (2007), Beylich et al (2010), or Turner and Marshall (2011), Nowak and Hodson (2014). In the studies on the effects of this global process in the northern hemisphere, the main focus is on the carbon flux from tundra biome (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical and Biogeochemical Processes in Kaffiøyra River Catchments (Spitsbergen, Norway)

Borysiak

Grześ

Pulina³

et al. 2015

Quaestiones Geographicae

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The paper presents the results of hydrogeochemical and biogeochemical studies in the area of Kaffiøyra river catchments in the ablation season 2004. Vegetation, hydrological regime, mineralization and ionic composition of circulating waters, rate of annual chemical denudation and biogenic CO 2 content in soil air in relation to the concentration of dissolved and transported HCO 3 -ions were documented. The waters represented the type HCO 3 --SO 4 2--Ca. Most of ions showed a good correlation with electrical conductivity. A good correlation between dissolved and transported mass and the discharge was shown. The value of the chemical denudation in non-glacierized catchments of the Kaffiøyra plain was 0.07 and 0.13 t km -2 d -1 , in glacierized catchment -0,21 t km -2 d -1. The biogenic CO 2 concentrations in tundra soil air ranged from 0.03-0.08%, while the average was 0.046%. The mean rate of CO 2 ionic transport was 3 kg d -1 , while of HCO 3 --0.63 t d -1. A low correlation between the concentration of biogenic CO 2 in soil air and HCO 3 -was found, which indicates the involvement of other, unexamined bio-and physico-chemical processes.

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“…The transient response of the ocean to gradual changes in the atmosphere is substantially different from the equilibrium response (Gough and Lin, 1992). Most climate change impact assessments, however, have used the first type of scenario (e.g., Woo et al, 1992;Cohen et al, 1994). Thus it is of interest to compare the two types of GCM scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, coastal communities and transportation networks are now specially designed to prevent permafrost degradation in the built environment. Climate warming is likely to cause a significant shift in the distribution of permafrost (Woo et al, 1992) and thus in the built environment of the western coastal communities of Hudson Bay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change Scenarios for Hudson Bay, Canada, from General Circulation Models

Gough

Wolfe²

2001

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Two generations of a climate model are compared using the impact of a CO 2 doubling on the Hudson Bay region as the means of diagnosing differences in model performance. Surface temperature, precipitation, sea-ice coverage, and permafrost distribution are compared. The most striking difference is the response of the sea ice in the two models. In the coupled atmosphere-ocean climate model, sea ice virtually disappears in Hudson Bay. This leads to a substantially higher regional temperature response. We suggest that conductivity of sea ice and thermal diffusivity of seawater are key factors that cause the difference in sea-ice response. It is recommended that a regional model be developed to produce more representative climate change scenarios for the Hudson Bay region.Key words: Hudson Bay, climate modeling, climate change scenarios, sea ice, permafrost, global warming RÉSUMÉ. On compare deux générations d'un modèle de climat en calculant l'incidence sur la région de la baie d'Hudson d'une multiplication par deux du taux de CO 2 afin de diagnostiquer les différences dans la performance des deux versions du modèle. On compare la température en surface, les précipitations, la couverture de glace de mer et la distribution du pergélisol. La différence la plus marquante apparaît dans la façon dont la glace de mer réagit dans les deux modèles. Dans le modèle de climat avec couplage atmosphère-océan, la glace de mer disparaît pratiquement de la baie d'Hudson. Il en résulte une hausse notable de la température régionale. On suggère que la conductivité de la glace de mer et la diffusivité thermique de l'eau de mer sont des facteurs clés responsables de la différence dans le comportement de la glace de mer. On recommande l'élaboration d'un modèle régional qui créerait des scénarios de changement climatique plus réalistes pour la région de la baie d'Hudson.Mots clés: baie d'Hudson, modélisation climatique, scénarios de changement climatique, glace de mer, pergélisol, réchauffement planétaire Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nésida Loyer.

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Response of the Canadian Permafrost Environment to Climatic Change

Cited by 107 publications

References 50 publications

Impact of climate change on soil frost under snow cover in a forested landscape

Impact of climate change on soil frost under snow cover in a forested landscape

Hydrogeochemical and Biogeochemical Processes in Kaffiøyra River Catchments (Spitsbergen, Norway)

Climate Change Scenarios for Hudson Bay, Canada, from General Circulation Models

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