Impact of climate change on soil frost under snow cover in a forested landscape

Venäläinen, Ari; Tuomenvirta, Heikki; Heikinheimo, Martti; Kellomäki, Seppo; Peltola, Heli; Strandman, Harri; Väisänen, Hannu

doi:10.3354/cr017063

Cited by 115 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The results of the snow model also indicated a decrease in snow water equivalent, while the amount of precipitation increased. Similar results have been reported previously [44,48,65,66]. The large predicted increase in temperature, particularly during winter and spring, had a great impact on recharge pattern during 2071-2100.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Impacts of Future Climate Change and Baltic Sea Level Rise on Groundwater Recharge, Groundwater Levels, and Surface Leakage in the Hanko Aquifer in Southern Finland

Luoma

Okkonen

2014

Water

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Abstract:The impact of climate change and Baltic Sea level rise on groundwater resources in a shallow, unconfined, low-lying coastal aquifer in Hanko, southern Finland, was assessed using the UZF1 model package coupled with the three-dimensional groundwater flow model MODFLOW to simulate flow from the unsaturated zone through the aquifer. The snow and PET models were used to calculate the surface water availability for infiltration from the precipitation data used in UZF1. Infiltration rate, flow in the unsaturated zone and groundwater recharge were then simulated using UZF1. The simulation data from climate and sea level rise scenarios were compared with present data. The results indicated changes in recharge pattern during 2071-2100, with recharge occurring earlier in winter and early spring. The seasonal impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge were more significant, with surface overflow resulting in flooding during winter and early spring and drought during summer. Rising sea level would cause some parts of the aquifer to be under sea level, compromising groundwater quality due to intrusion of sea water. This, together with increased groundwater recharge, would raise groundwater levels and consequently contribute more surface leakage and potential flooding in the low-lying aquifer. OPEN ACCESSWater 2014, 6 3672

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Impacts of Future Climate Change and Baltic Sea Level Rise on Groundwater Recharge, Groundwater Levels, and Surface Leakage in the Hanko Aquifer in Southern Finland

Luoma

Okkonen

2014

Water

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“…In accordance with previous studies (Venäläinen et al, 2001a(Venäläinen et al, , 2001bKellomäki et al, 2010), our results suggest that climate warming will lead to shorter soil frost periods reducing wintertime ground-bearing capacity. The projected decrease in the wintertime bearing season length was similar in the studied two climate model ensembles.…”

Section: Evaluations Of Main Results and Their Implications To Forestsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The climate warming is expected to be pronounced on high latitudes like in Finland (Räisänen and Ylhäisi, 2015;Ruosteenoja et al, 2016). Previous studies have indicated that the climate warming leads unsurprisingly to reduced soil frost depth and shorter soil frost periods (Venäläinen et al, 2001a(Venäläinen et al, , 2001bKellomäki et al, 2010;Jungqvist et al, 2014). This may shorten the winter harvesting season with good ground-bearing capacity, particularly on drained peatlands, having thus mainly negative impact on the forestry sector.…”

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confidence: 99%

Projected decrease in wintertime bearing capacity on different forest and soil types in Finland under a warming climate

Lehtonen¹,

Venäläinen²,

Kämäräinen³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Trafficability in forest terrain is largely determined by ground-bearing capacity and it is thus one of the most important issues in timber harvesting. In winter, the bearing capacity is mainly determined by soil frost. Particularly on peatland 10 forests bearing capacity is poor under unfrozen conditions. The bearing capacity of forest truck roads is similarly affected by ground frost. Already 20 cm thick layer of frozen soil or 40 cm layer of snow on the ground can carry in Finnish forest conditions heavy machines in forest harvesting. In this work, we studied the impacts of climate change on soil frost conditions, and consequently on ground-bearing capacity of soils from the timber harvesting point of view. The number of days with good wintertime bearing capacity was modelled by using a soil temperature model and wide set of downscaled climate model data 15 until the end of the 21st century. The model was optimized for different forest and soil types. The results show that by the mid21st century, the wintertime bearing season length decreases in Finland most likely by about one month. The decrease in soil frost and wintertime bearing capacity will be more pronounced during the latter half of the century when drained peatlands may virtually lack soil frost in most of winters in southern and western Finland. The projected decrease in the bearing capacity, accompanied with increasing demand for wood harvesting from drained peatlands, induces a clear need for the development 20 of new sustainable and efficient logging practices for drained peatlands.

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“…According to earlier studies, the decrease in soil frost and snow cover in Finland is probably the largest in the early winter, but also in springtime (March-April) (Peltola et al 1999, Venäläinen et al 2001a. Snow cover slows the freezing of the soil due to the insulation, but on the other hand climate warming has also been stated to increase soil freezing because the climate may become drier and the amount of snow on the ground would be smaller (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model computations on the climate change effects on snow cover, soil moisture and soil frost in the boreal conditions over Finland

Kellomäki¹,

Maajärvi²,

Strandman³

et al. 2010

Silva Fenn.

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This study considered how climate change affects the accumulation of snow, the soil moisture and soil frost at sites without tree cover in boreal conditions in Finland (60°-70°N). An increase of 4.5 °C in annual mean temperature and 20 % in annual precipitation were assumed for Finland by the year 2100 according to A2 emission scenario. Along with climate, the soil type of the permanent inventory plots of the Finnish National Forest Inventory was used. Soil and climate data were combined by using a process-based ecosystem model. Calculations were done for four periods: current climate , near future (2001-2020), mid-term future (2021-2050) and long-term future (2071-2100). According to our simulations, the average monthly duration and depth of snow decreased over the simulation period. However, the increasing precipitation may locally increase the snow depths in the mid-term calculations. In the autumn and winter, the average volumetric soil moisture content slightly increased in southern Finland during the near future, but decreased towards the end of the century, but still remained on a higher level than presently. In northern Finland, the soil moisture in the autumn and winter increased by the end of this century. In the summertime soil moisture decreased slightly regardless of the region. Throughout Finland, the length and the depth of soil frost decreased by the end of the century. In the south, the reduction in the depth was largest in the autumn and spring, while in the mid-winter it remained relatively deep in the middle of the century. In the north, the depth tended to increase during the first two calculation periods, in some areas, even during the third calculation period (2071-2100) due to reduced insulation effects of snow during cold spells. The wintertime increase in soil moisture and reduced soil frost may be reflected to reduced carrying capacity of soil for timber harvesting.

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Impact of climate change on soil frost under snow cover in a forested landscape

Cited by 115 publications

References 14 publications

Impacts of Future Climate Change and Baltic Sea Level Rise on Groundwater Recharge, Groundwater Levels, and Surface Leakage in the Hanko Aquifer in Southern Finland

Impacts of Future Climate Change and Baltic Sea Level Rise on Groundwater Recharge, Groundwater Levels, and Surface Leakage in the Hanko Aquifer in Southern Finland

Projected decrease in wintertime bearing capacity on different forest and soil types in Finland under a warming climate

Model computations on the climate change effects on snow cover, soil moisture and soil frost in the boreal conditions over Finland

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