Response of Selected Wildflower Species to Saline Water Irrigation

Niu, Genhua; Rodriguez, Denise S.; McKenney, Cynthia B.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.47.9.1351

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The measured PH, PW and FW values in treatments with NaCl concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 mM tended to be higher than those without salt application, supporting Niu and Rodriguez's assertion that Salvia has a relatively high tolerance for soil salinity. Most of the extant studies in which NaCl concentrations of 0, 50 and 100 mM were employed indicated that, while plants tolerate 50 mM NaCl, they start to suffer at 100 mM NaCl.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Effects of Hydrogel on Growth and Visual Damage of Ornamental Salvia Species Exposed to Salinity

Ljubojević

Ognjanov

Maksimović

et al. 2017

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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A greenhouse study at increasing salt concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl) with or without hydrogel amendment was conducted during a 10‐week period in order to examine growth and aesthetic responses of three Salvia species. Subsequent analyses revealed that 25, 50 and 75 mM NaCl concentrations had a positive impact on the plant growth (plant height, plant width, fresh weight, and root system volume), while 100 mM NaCl implied a negative response. The positive effect of the hydrogel was most notable in the plant fresh and dry weight, K+ and Ca2+ content, and root system volume. The results further indicate that the amended hydrogel provided sufficient amount of available water and ions that are usually in competition and are limited by excessive Na+ ion amounts. The hydrogel also mitigated the negative influence of higher salt concentrations (75 and 100 mM NaCl), thereby decreasing leaf damage, defoliation, and petal loss, while also improving vitality and aesthetic value of S. farinacea and S. coccinea. In S. splendens, the hydrogel contributed to better vitality but slightly decreased decorativeness. Both qualitative (visual salt damage) and quantitative (growth) parameters proved to be reliable criteria for assessing salt tolerance of the studied Salvia species, while ion removal contributes to the understanding of salt tolerance mechanisms and possible usages.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Effects of Hydrogel on Growth and Visual Damage of Ornamental Salvia Species Exposed to Salinity

Ljubojević

Ognjanov

Maksimović

et al. 2017

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…Urban landscape irrigation with alternative water sources such as municipal reclaimed water is common in arid and semiarid regions (Grieve, 2011). A potential problem of using reclaimed water is elevated salt levels, which adversely affects plant growth, development, and causes foliar salt injury on sensitive plants (Cai et al, 2014b;Niu et al, 2012a;Veatch-Blohm et al, 2014). Unlike fruits and vegetables where maximizing yield is the ultimate goal, the maintenance of good aesthetic appearance and blemishfree foliar tissue are important for ornamental plants (Niu and Cabrera, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many aster species have been studied for salt tolerance, and their responses to salinity are highly dependent on the species. Plains zinnia (Zinnia grandiflora) plants all died at an EC of 7.3 dS • m -1 , and chocolate daisy (Berlandiera lyrata) had low survival percentages and low foliar ratings at EC of 5.5 and 7.3 dS • m -1 (Niu et al, 2012a). Treasure flower (Gazania rigen), known as coastal gazania and naturalized on coastal dunes and roadsides in Australia, had 52.5% greater reduction of shoot DW at EC of 12 dS • m -1 compared with nonsalinized controls (EC of 0.8 dS • m -1 ), but had no other signs of stress or injury (Niu and Rodriguez, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Response of 10 Aster Species to Saline Water Irrigation

Wu¹,

Sun²,

Niu³

et al. 2016

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Asteraceae is one of the largest plant families with many important garden ornamental species. Salt tolerance of 10 aster perennials was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment, including the following: damianita (Chrysactinia mexicana), gregg’s mistflower (Eupatorium greggii), shasta daisy (Leucanthemum ×superbum ‘Becky’), blackfoot daisy (Melampodium leucanthum), lavender cotton (Santolina chamaecyparissus), aromatic aster (Symphyotrichum oblongifolium), copper canyon daisy (Tagetes lemmonii), four-nerve daisy (Tetraneuris scaposa), skeleton-leaf goldeneye (Viguiera stenoloba), and zexmenia (Wedelia texana). Plants were irrigated with nutrient solution at electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m−1 (control) or saline solutions at EC of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m−1 (EC 5 or EC 10) for 5 weeks. Upon termination, growth parameters, foliar salt damage, relative chlorophyll content [Soil-Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) readings], and mineral concentration were measured. Gregg’s mistflower, skeleton-leaf goldeneye, and lavender cotton were the most salt-tolerant species with less reductions in shoot dry weight (DW) in both EC 5 and EC 10. Considering the relatively severe foliar salt damage (visual quality score of 3.1 and 2.7 at EC 5; 2.4 and 1.6 at EC 10) and mortality rate (10% and 40%) in EC 10, aromatic aster and zexmenia should be avoided where poor quality water may be used for irrigation. Gregg’s mistflower and skeleton-leaf goldeneye had relatively lower leaf sodium (Na) concentrations suggesting that both species can selectively exclude Na. Damianita and the four daisies, i.e., blackfoot daisy, copper canyon daisy, four-nerve daisy, and shasta daisy, were salt sensitive as evidenced by their greater growth reduction, foliar salt damage, and high Na and chlorine (Cl) accumulation in leaves, and should be avoided in landscapes where poor quality water may be used for irrigation.

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“…Reviews of several greywater studies indicate that Na concentrations of greywater range from 7.4 to 480 mgÁL -1 , whereas Cl concentrations range from 9 to 88 mgÁL -1 (Christova-Boal et al, 1996;Eriksson et al, 2002). Salinity tolerance research conducted on landscape plant species has commonly been conducted using simulated reclaimed wastewater (treated municipal effluent) (Marcotte et al, 2004;Miyamoto et al, 2004;Niu et al, 2007Niu et al, , 2012Wu et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Saline Irrigation Affects Growth and Leaf Tissue Nutrient Concentration of Three Native Landscape Plant Species

LeCompte

Wright

LeBleu

et al. 2016

hortte

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Greywater is a renewable irrigation alternative to potable water; however, its use as an irrigation source is limited by the potential for salt injury to plants. Research was conducted to determine salt tolerance of three common landscape species, small anise tree (Illicium parviflorum), ‘Henry’s Garnet’ sweetspire (Itea virginica), and muhly grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris). Two experiments were performed, one with high sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations and one with low NaCl concentrations. Plants received daily irrigation of tap water containing one of the following NaCl concentrations: 0 (tap water); 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, or 10,000 mg·L−1 (high NaCl); or 0 (tap water), 250, 500, or 1000 mg·L−1 (low NaCl) for 15 weeks. Plants were harvested after 5, 10, or 15 weeks. Root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) were determined at each harvest; survival was determined at experiment termination. Leaf tissue was analyzed for tissue macronutrient [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and, magnesium (Mg)], sodium (Na), and chlorine (Cl) concentrations in the high NaCl concentration experiment. With high NaCl, RDW and SDW decreased with increasing NaCl for all species. Anise and sweetspire had low or no survival, respectively, at the highest NaCl concentration; muhly grass had 100% survival regardless of treatment. In general, leaf macronutrient, Na, and Cl increased with increasing NaCl concentration. With low NaCl, there was no effect of NaCl concentration on RDW or SDW for all species. All three species continued to grow between harvest dates in the lower NaCl concentration experiment, whereas only anise and muhly grass continued to grow with high NaCl. Anise and muhly grass were tolerant of saline irrigation that could be expected from greywater. Sweetspire exhibited symptoms of salt stress (necrotic leaves and leaf drop, visual observation) at all NaCl concentrations including the lowest (250 mg·L−1), and should not be irrigated with saline water.

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Response of Selected Wildflower Species to Saline Water Irrigation

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of Hydrogel on Growth and Visual Damage of Ornamental Salvia Species Exposed to Salinity

Effects of Hydrogel on Growth and Visual Damage of Ornamental Salvia Species Exposed to Salinity

Response of 10 Aster Species to Saline Water Irrigation

Saline Irrigation Affects Growth and Leaf Tissue Nutrient Concentration of Three Native Landscape Plant Species

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