Response of Lumbriculus variegatus transcriptome and metabolites to model chemical contaminants

Proteomic analysis of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to oxytetracycline in soil

“…10 As well, the genes expression results showed that the intermediate lament protein gene was down-regulated when exposed to B(a)P, Cd and PCP. 28 During exposed to OTC, it could be observed that the outer layer of the earthworms came to be so and festered aer 14 and/or 21 days exposure, and the activity of worms in the stressed group were obviously weakened compared with the normal group. Maybe, the perturbation of water 29 and calcium ion 30 homeostasis in the worms caused by the oxidative damage, through the xenobiotics interacting with the membrane receptors trigger a signaling pathway, then the activated inositol-triphosphate (IP 3 ) released from the pathway subsequently triggers the release of the intracellular storaged calcium ions.…”

“… 10 As well, the genes expression results showed that the intermediate filament protein gene was down-regulated when exposed to B(a)P, Cd and PCP. 28 …”

Endobenthic Invertebrates as Reference Species

“…Biomarkers sufficiently sensitive to identify exposure to PAHs and/or pharmaceuticals and their toxicity were shown in caged A. marina (Ramos-Gomez et al, 2011) and H. diversicolor (Maranho et al, 2014). Many biomarkers at different levels of biological organization were shown as responsive in L. variegatus exposed in the laboratory to B[a]P, Cd, pentachlorophenol (transcriptional and metabolic changes), the carbamate pesticide carbaryl (cholinesterase, carboxylesterase), Pb (growth, behavior), and nanomaterials (catalase) (Kristoff et al, 2010;Sardo and Soares, 2011;Agbo et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2014). From an experimental exposure to the herbicide isoproturon, Paris-Palacios et al (2010) have suggested that autotomy may be a useful biomarker in T. tubifex.…”